Gravity is the main force that drives water flow in rivers, causing it to move from higher elevations to lower elevations.

The velocity of river flow is influenced by a combination of factors, including channel slope, river width, and water depth.

Discharge is the term used to quantify the volume of water flowing through a river channel per unit time.

There are several methods for measuring river discharge, including using a current meter, acoustic Doppler current profiler, and float method.

Sediment refers to the solid material transported by a river, which can include bedload (coarse material moved along the riverbed) and suspended load (fine material carried in the water column).

The sediment transport capacity of a river is influenced by a combination of factors, including water velocity, channel slope, and sediment size and shape.

Deposition is the process by which sediment is laid down in a river channel, typically occurring when the water velocity decreases.

Common water quality parameters measured in rivers include dissolved oxygen, pH, turbidity, and other indicators of water quality.

Water quality, habitat quality, and biological integrity are all terms used to describe the ability of water to support aquatic life.

Common sources of water pollution in rivers include agricultural runoff, industrial wastewater, municipal wastewater, and other sources.

Water restoration is the process of improving water quality in rivers and other water bodies.

Common methods for restoring water quality in rivers include reducing pollution sources, improving habitat quality, revegetating riparian areas, and other techniques.

River water quality is the study of the relationship between river hydrology and water quality.

Common challenges in managing river water quality include non-point source pollution, climate change, population growth, and other factors.

River health is a term used to describe the overall health of a river ecosystem, encompassing water quality, habitat quality, and biological integrity.