UNESCO has several programs and initiatives aimed at protecting and preserving cultural heritage, including the World Heritage Convention, the Intangible Cultural Heritage Convention, and the Memory of the World Programme.

The World Heritage Convention aims to identify and protect natural and cultural sites of outstanding universal value, promote cultural diversity and understanding, and support the sustainable development of cultural heritage.

As of 2023, there are over 1,100 World Heritage Sites in the world.

The Intangible Cultural Heritage Convention aims to safeguard and promote intangible cultural heritage, promote cultural diversity and understanding, and support the sustainable development of cultural heritage.

Intangible cultural heritage includes oral traditions and expressions, performing arts, social practices, rituals and festivals, traditional craftsmanship, and other forms of cultural expression.

The Memory of the World Programme aims to preserve and protect documentary heritage, promote access to documentary heritage, and support the sustainable development of documentary heritage.

Documentary heritage includes manuscripts, books, newspapers, photographs, and other forms of recorded information.

UNESCO works with other organizations to safeguard cultural heritage through partnerships and collaborations, capacity building and training, advocacy and awareness raising, and other forms of cooperation.

UNESCO faces a number of challenges in its efforts to safeguard cultural heritage, including climate change and environmental degradation, armed conflict and natural disasters, lack of resources and funding, and other threats.

Individuals and communities can contribute to safeguarding cultural heritage by learning about and appreciating cultural heritage, supporting organizations that work to safeguard cultural heritage, advocating for policies that protect cultural heritage, and other forms of engagement.