Psychoanalysis, developed by Sigmund Freud, posits that unconscious drives and instincts, particularly sexual and aggressive ones, play a significant role in shaping human behavior and personality.

Self-serving bias is a cognitive bias where individuals tend to take credit for their successes while blaming external factors for their failures.

Behaviorism, notably associated with B.F. Skinner, emphasizes the role of learning and conditioning in shaping behavior through reinforcement and punishment.

Apophenia refers to the human tendency to perceive meaningful patterns or connections in random or meaningless data.

Humanistic psychology, associated with Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow, emphasizes the inherent goodness of individuals and their potential for personal growth and self-actualization.

The availability heuristic is a cognitive bias where individuals tend to judge the likelihood of an event based on how easily instances of that event come to mind.

Cognitive psychology focuses on the study of mental processes and their role in shaping behavior and understanding.

The illusion of control refers to the tendency for individuals to overestimate their ability to control events or outcomes, even when they have little or no actual control.

Confirmation bias is a cognitive bias where individuals tend to seek out information that confirms their existing beliefs and disregard information that contradicts them.

Social psychology studies the influence of social and cultural factors on human behavior, including attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors.

The fundamental attribution error refers to the tendency to attribute one's own behavior to external factors and others' behavior to internal factors.

Psychoanalysis, particularly associated with Sigmund Freud, emphasizes the role of unconscious mental processes in shaping behavior and personality.

Superiority bias refers to the tendency for individuals to overestimate their own abilities and qualities compared to others.

Humanistic psychology, notably associated with Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow, emphasizes the importance of free will, personal responsibility, and the pursuit of self-actualization.

Ethnocentrism refers to the tendency for individuals to view their own culture or group as superior to others.