The telephone, invented by Alexander Graham Bell in 1876, allowed people to transmit speech over long distances using electrical signals.

The germ theory of disease, proposed by Louis Pasteur and Robert Koch in the 19th century, revolutionized medicine by establishing that diseases are caused by microorganisms.

The airplane, invented by the Wright brothers in 1903, was the first successful heavier-than-air flying machine.

The periodic table, developed by Dmitri Mendeleev in the 19th century, organized the known elements based on their properties and atomic weights, providing a framework for understanding chemical reactions.

The phonograph, invented by Thomas Edison in 1877, was the first device that could record and playback sound.

The theory of relativity, developed by Albert Einstein in the early 20th century, revolutionized our understanding of space, time, and gravity.

Television, invented in the early 20th century, allowed people to transmit and receive moving images over long distances.

Mendel's laws of inheritance, discovered by Gregor Mendel in the 19th century, laid the foundation for modern genetics.

The Internet, developed in the late 20th century, revolutionized the way we communicate, access information, and conduct business.

The Big Bang theory, developed in the 20th century, is the prevailing cosmological model for the universe's origin and evolution.

The rocket, invented in the early 20th century, made it possible for humans to travel to space.

Crystallography, the study of the arrangement of atoms in solids, laid the foundation for modern materials science.

The generator, invented in the 19th century, made it possible to generate electricity from mechanical energy.

The Turing machine, proposed by Alan Turing in the 1930s, laid the foundation for modern computer science.

The hard disk drive, invented in the 1950s, made it possible to store and retrieve large amounts of data.