Maximum flow is used to model the capacity of transportation networks and find the maximum amount of flow that can be sent from one point to another.

The objective of the shortest path problem is to find the path with the minimum total distance between two points.

Dynamic programming is a commonly used optimization technique for solving the shortest path problem, as it can efficiently find the shortest path by breaking the problem down into smaller subproblems.

Network flow refers to the movement of vehicles and passengers through a transportation network, taking into account factors such as traffic patterns, capacity, and demand.

The lognormal distribution is commonly used to model travel demand in transportation, as it can capture the skewed nature of travel demand data, where a small number of trips are very long and a large number of trips are relatively short.

Traffic simulation is used to predict traffic patterns and congestion by modeling the behavior of vehicles and drivers in a transportation network.

Markov chains are used to analyze the reliability of transportation systems by modeling the transitions between different states of the system, such as operational, degraded, and failed states.

Modal split refers to the distribution of travel demand among different transportation modes, such as public transportation, private vehicles, walking, and cycling.

The location-allocation model is used to optimize the location of transportation facilities, such as terminals, depots, and warehouses, by considering factors such as demand, cost, and accessibility.

Transportation surveys are conducted to collect data on travel patterns and demand, including information on trip origins and destinations, modes of transportation, and travel times.

Risk assessment is used to analyze the safety of transportation systems by identifying and evaluating potential hazards and their associated risks.

Traffic assignment refers to the process of allocating traffic to different routes in a transportation network, taking into account factors such as travel times, costs, and preferences.

Integer programming is used to optimize the scheduling of transportation services, such as bus and train schedules, by considering factors such as demand, capacity, and cost.

A transportation master plan provides a long-term vision for the development of a transportation system, including goals, objectives, and strategies for improving mobility, safety, and accessibility.

Life cycle assessment is used to analyze the environmental impacts of transportation systems by considering the entire life cycle of a transportation project, from construction and operation to maintenance and disposal.