Sustainable urban development aims to minimize urban sprawl and promote compact, walkable communities.

Urbanization refers to the increase in the proportion of people living in urban areas.

Densely built-up areas with limited green spaces absorb and retain heat, leading to higher temperatures in urban areas compared to surrounding rural areas.

Urban renewal refers to the process of revitalizing and improving living conditions in declining urban areas.

Traffic congestion is a major challenge in urban areas, leading to increased travel times, air pollution, and reduced quality of life.

Exurbanization refers to the process of people moving from urban areas to rural areas, often resulting in the conversion of rural land into urban land.

Densely built-up areas with limited green spaces can trap pollutants and lead to higher levels of air pollution.

Green building refers to the practice of designing and constructing buildings in a way that minimizes their environmental impact.

Inadequate stormwater management infrastructure can lead to untreated stormwater runoff, which can pollute water bodies.

Sustainable urban development refers to the process of improving the livability and sustainability of urban areas through various strategies such as compact development, efficient transportation systems, and green infrastructure.

All of the options are key challenges associated with urban housing.

Brownfield redevelopment refers to the process of converting abandoned or underutilized urban land, often contaminated with hazardous substances, into productive use.

Densely built-up areas with limited green spaces absorb and retain heat, leading to higher temperatures in urban areas compared to surrounding rural areas.

Energy retrofitting refers to the process of improving the energy efficiency of existing buildings through various measures such as insulation, efficient lighting, and heating and cooling systems.

All of the options are key challenges associated with urban water management.