Child mortality is defined as the death of a child under the age of 5. This includes deaths from all causes, including illness, injury, and malnutrition.

Pneumonia, diarrhea, and malaria are the leading causes of child mortality worldwide. These diseases are all preventable and treatable, but they continue to kill millions of children each year.

Niger has the highest child mortality rate in the world, with 105 deaths per 1,000 live births. This means that 1 in 10 children in Niger dies before their fifth birthday.

Iceland has the lowest child mortality rate in the world, with 2 deaths per 1,000 live births. This means that 99.8% of children in Iceland survive to their fifth birthday.

The Millennium Development Goal (MDG) for child mortality is to reduce child mortality by two-thirds by 2015. This goal is part of the larger goal of improving maternal and child health.

The current global child mortality rate is 4.1 million deaths per year. This means that 1 in 20 children worldwide dies before their fifth birthday.

Child mortality is caused by a complex interplay of factors, including poverty, malnutrition, lack of access to healthcare, war, conflict, natural disasters, environmental pollution, and climate change.

Child mortality can be reduced through a combination of interventions, including immunization, nutrition programs, access to clean water and sanitation, family planning, education, economic empowerment of women, improved healthcare systems, and access to essential medicines.

The international community has a vital role to play in reducing child mortality. This includes providing financial and technical assistance to developing countries, advocating for policies and programs that promote child survival, and holding governments accountable for their commitments to child survival.

Individuals can help reduce child mortality by donating to organizations that work to improve child survival, volunteering their time to help children in need, and educating themselves and others about the issue of child mortality.

Child mortality has been declining steadily over the past few decades, and this trend is expected to continue in the coming years. This is due to a number of factors, including improved healthcare, nutrition, and education.

There are a number of challenges to reducing child mortality, including poverty, inequality, lack of access to healthcare, war, conflict, natural disasters, environmental pollution, and climate change.

There have been a number of success stories in reducing child mortality. The Millennium Development Goal (MDG) for child mortality has been achieved, child mortality has been reduced by half in the past 20 years, and more children are surviving to their fifth birthday than ever before.

There are a number of remaining challenges in reducing child mortality, including poverty, inequality, lack of access to healthcare, war, conflict, natural disasters, environmental pollution, and climate change.

Progress in reducing child mortality can be accelerated by increasing investment in child health and nutrition, improving access to healthcare and essential medicines, and empowering women and girls.