Shared language and culture tend to promote unity and cohesion within a group, rather than divergence and nationalism.

Nationalism as a widespread political ideology emerged prominently during the 19th century in Europe.

Assimilation refers to the process where minority groups adopt the cultural traits and practices of the dominant culture.

France is widely regarded as the birthplace of modern nationalism due to the French Revolution and its emphasis on national identity and sovereignty.

Chauvinism refers to the belief that one's own nation or group is superior to others and should be dominant.

Cultural divergence and the rise of nationalism can lead to conflict, tension, and political instability, but it is not necessarily associated with economic prosperity.

Balkanization refers to the process of dividing a country into smaller political units based on cultural, ethnic, or linguistic differences.

Economic globalization can lead to the homogenization of cultures and the erosion of cultural diversity.

Cultural imperialism refers to the process of a dominant culture imposing its values and practices on minority groups.

Cultural diversity can sometimes lead to cultural conflict and tension, rather than reducing it.

Cultural pluralism refers to the process of a minority group maintaining its cultural identity while also participating in the dominant culture.

Environmental degradation is not directly related to cultural divergence and the rise of nationalism.

Cultural relativism refers to the belief that all cultures are equally valid and should be respected.

Economic sanctions are not typically used as a strategy for promoting cultural understanding and reducing cultural conflict.

Transculturation refers to the process of a dominant culture gradually adopting elements of a minority culture.