The main goal of CCS is to capture and store CO2 from industrial sources to prevent its release into the atmosphere, thereby mitigating climate change.

Direct air capture is not a commonly used method in CCS systems. It involves capturing CO2 directly from the ambient air, which is a more challenging and expensive process compared to capturing CO2 from industrial sources.

Depleted oil and gas reservoirs are commonly used for storing CO2 in CCS projects because they have existing infrastructure and geological characteristics suitable for long-term storage.

Enhanced plant growth is not a potential environmental risk associated with CCS. In fact, CO2 injection can potentially enhance plant growth in certain geological formations through a process known as mineral carbonation.

The high cost of CCS technology is currently a major barrier to its widespread implementation. Capturing, transporting, and storing CO2 can be expensive, making it challenging to scale up CCS projects.

Power generation, particularly from fossil fuel-based plants, is a major contributor to CO2 emissions. CCS can be applied to capture CO2 from power plants and prevent its release into the atmosphere.

Carbon mineralization refers to the process by which CO2 is converted into solid minerals, such as carbonates or silicates, through natural or industrial processes. This process can help to permanently store CO2 and reduce its impact on the atmosphere.

CCS technology can be used for enhanced oil recovery (EOR), a process in which CO2 is injected into depleted oil reservoirs to increase oil production. This not only helps to extract more oil but also provides a means of storing CO2 underground.

The Global CCS Institute is an international organization that works to accelerate the development and deployment of CCS technologies. It provides research, advocacy, and collaboration opportunities to stakeholders around the world.

Norway was the first country to implement a commercial-scale CCS project, known as the Sleipner project. This project has been successfully capturing and storing CO2 from a natural gas processing facility since 1996.

The high cost of transporting CO2 from capture sites to storage sites is a major challenge. CO2 is a relatively low-density gas, making it expensive to transport over long distances. Additionally, the infrastructure required for CO2 transportation, such as pipelines and ships, can be costly to build and maintain.

CCS technology can be applied in the cement production industry to capture CO2 emissions from the calcination process. Cement production is a major contributor to CO2 emissions, and CCS can help to reduce these emissions.

Direct air capture refers to the process of capturing CO2 directly from the ambient air, rather than from industrial sources. This technology is still in its early stages of development but has the potential to contribute to the removal of CO2 from the atmosphere.

CCS technology can help to reduce ocean acidification by preventing the release of CO2 into the atmosphere. CO2 dissolves in seawater and forms carbonic acid, which can lower the pH of the ocean and harm marine life.

Technical limitations are a primary challenge in monitoring and verifying the long-term storage of CO2 in geological formations. It can be difficult to accurately measure and track the movement of CO2 underground, and there is a need for improved monitoring technologies and methodologies.