Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar, a renowned Indian astrophysicist, made significant contributions to the study of galaxy masses. He developed theoretical models and mathematical techniques that helped astronomers understand the mass distribution and dynamics of galaxies.

Gravitational lensing is a powerful technique employed by Indian astronomers to study galaxy masses. It involves the bending of light around massive objects, allowing astronomers to infer the mass of galaxies based on the distortion of background galaxies.

The NFW profile, named after its developers Navarro, Frenk, and White, is a theoretical model used to describe the mass distribution in elliptical galaxies. It assumes a density profile that decreases as a power law from the center of the galaxy.

Jayant Narlikar, an eminent Indian astrophysicist, conducted extensive research on dark matter in galaxies. He proposed alternative theories to explain the observed properties of galaxies without the need for dark matter, such as the 'Modified Newtonian Dynamics' (MOND) theory.

Astrosat, also known as the Indian Astronomy Satellite, is a multi-wavelength space observatory launched by ISRO. It carries various instruments designed to study the mass distribution and other properties of galaxies, among other astronomical objects.

Arvind Paranjpye, a renowned Indian astrophysicist, made significant contributions to the discovery of supermassive black holes at the centers of galaxies. He conducted observations using radio telescopes and helped establish the presence of these massive objects in various galaxies.

Indian astronomers conducted extensive studies of the Coma Cluster, a massive galaxy cluster, to investigate the relationship between galaxy mass and X-ray luminosity. They found that the X-ray luminosity of galaxies within the cluster is correlated with their masses.

T. Padmanabhan, a distinguished Indian astrophysicist, proposed a theoretical model to explain the formation of spiral galaxies. His model suggests that spiral galaxies arise from the collapse of a rotating cloud of gas and dark matter.

The Nearby Galaxies Survey, also known as the NGS, is a project undertaken by Indian astronomers to study the mass distribution in nearby galaxies. It involves observations using various telescopes to measure the masses of galaxies and investigate their structural properties.

S. K. Biswas, an eminent Indian astrophysicist, conducted extensive research on galaxy mergers and their impact on galaxy mass. He investigated the role of mergers in shaping the properties of galaxies and their mass distribution.

The Large Area X-ray Proportional Counter (LAXPC) is an instrument onboard the Astrosat satellite that is specifically designed to study the X-ray emission from galaxies. It enables astronomers to measure the X-ray luminosity of galaxies and investigate their mass distribution.

S. Chandrasekhar, a renowned Indian astrophysicist, made significant contributions to the development of the Jeans model for studying galaxy dynamics. The Jeans model is a theoretical framework used to understand the stability and structure of galaxies based on the distribution of matter and gravitational forces.

Indian astronomers conducted detailed studies of the Abell 1689 galaxy cluster to investigate the relationship between galaxy mass and gravitational lensing. They used gravitational lensing techniques to measure the masses of galaxies within the cluster and explored the connection between mass and other properties.

P. C. Vaidya, a distinguished Indian astrophysicist, conducted extensive research on the role of dark matter in galaxy formation and evolution. He proposed theories and models that attempted to explain the observed properties of galaxies and the need for dark matter to account for their dynamics.

The Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope (GMRT), located in India, has been instrumental in the study of galaxy masses. It is an array of radio telescopes that enables astronomers to observe galaxies at radio wavelengths and investigate their mass distribution and dynamics.