The Indian Removal Act of 1830 authorized the federal government to negotiate treaties with Native American tribes to exchange their lands east of the Mississippi River for lands west of the river.

In Worcester v. Georgia (1832), the Supreme Court held that the Cherokee Nation was a sovereign entity and that Georgia could not extend its laws over Cherokee territory without the consent of the Cherokee government.

The Indian Land Claims Commission Act of 1946 established a commission to investigate and adjudicate claims by Native American tribes for compensation for lands taken from them by the United States government.

Land reacquisition is the process by which Native American tribes can reacquire lands that were taken from them through treaties, laws, or other means.

Tribes face a number of challenges in asserting their land rights, including federal and state laws that limit tribal sovereignty, encroachment on tribal lands by non-Native Americans, and lack of financial resources to pursue land claims.

The Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA) is the federal agency responsible for managing Indian trust lands, which are lands held in trust by the United States government for Native American tribes and individuals.

Tribal self-governance is the process by which Native American tribes can manage their own lands and resources, including the authority to make laws, collect taxes, and administer justice.

The Indian Financing Act of 1974 provides financial assistance to Native American tribes for economic development, including loans, grants, and technical assistance.

Tribal-federal negotiation is the process by which Native American tribes can resolve disputes with the United States government through negotiation and compromise.

The American Indian Religious Freedom Act of 1978 protects the religious and cultural rights of Native Americans, including the right to practice traditional ceremonies and use sacred sites.

Tribal self-governance is the process by which Native American tribes can establish their own governments, including the authority to make laws, collect taxes, and administer justice.

The Native American Housing Assistance and Self-Determination Act of 1996 provides financial assistance to Native American tribes for housing and community development, including the construction, repair, and improvement of housing.

Tribal economic development plans are the plans that Native American tribes develop to outline their economic goals and strategies, including the development of businesses, industries, and infrastructure.

The Indian Education Act of 1972 provides financial assistance to Native American tribes for education, including the construction, repair, and improvement of schools, and the provision of scholarships and other educational assistance.

Tribal cultural preservation is the process by which Native American tribes can protect their traditional knowledge and cultural heritage, including their languages, ceremonies, and arts.