Congenital heart defects are among the most common birth defects, affecting about 1% of newborns.

Spina bifida is the most common neural tube defect, occurring in about 1 in 1000 births.

Maternal folic acid deficiency is a major risk factor for neural tube defects.

Down syndrome is the most common chromosomal abnormality, occurring in about 1 in 700 births.

Intellectual disability, short stature, and hypotonia are all characteristic features of Down syndrome.

Unilateral cleft lip and palate is the most common type of cleft lip and palate, occurring in about 1 in 1000 births.

Maternal smoking, alcohol consumption, and diabetes are all risk factors for cleft lip and palate.

Gastroschisis is the most common type of abdominal wall defect, occurring in about 1 in 2000 births.

Maternal smoking, obesity, and diabetes are all risk factors for abdominal wall defects.

Achondroplasia is the most common type of skeletal dysplasia, occurring in about 1 in 25000 births.

Short stature, large head, and short limbs are all characteristic features of achondroplasia.

Atopic dermatitis is the most common type of skin disorder in newborns, affecting about 10-20% of infants.

Family history of atopy, maternal smoking during pregnancy, and exposure to allergens are all risk factors for atopic dermatitis.

Retinopathy of prematurity is the most common type of eye disorder in newborns, affecting about 10-20% of premature infants.

Prematurity, low birth weight, and oxygen therapy are all risk factors for retinopathy of prematurity.