The hull of a ship is designed to provide buoyancy, which keeps the ship afloat, and stability, which prevents it from capsizing.

Monohull designs are the most common type of hull design for large cargo ships due to their simplicity, efficiency, and cost-effectiveness.

Structural analysis is performed to ensure that the ship's structure is strong enough to withstand the forces it will encounter during operation.

Diesel engines are the most common type of propulsion system for large passenger ships due to their reliability, efficiency, and relatively low emissions.

The ballast system is used to control the ship's trim, stability, and draft, as well as to compensate for changes in cargo weight.

Tankers are specially designed to carry liquid cargo, such as oil, gas, and chemicals.

A ship's navigation system is used to determine the ship's position and course, plot the ship's course and speed, and communicate with other ships and shore stations.

Bulk carriers are specially designed to carry solid cargo, such as grain, coal, and ore.

A ship's fire protection system is designed to detect and suppress fires, prevent fires from spreading, and evacuate passengers and crew in the event of a fire.

Container ships are specially designed to carry containers, which are standardized units of cargo.

A ship's life-saving equipment is designed to provide passengers and crew with a means of escape in the event of an emergency, protect passengers and crew from injury or death in the event of an accident, and assist in search and rescue operations.

General cargo ships are designed to carry a wide variety of cargo types, including break bulk, palletized cargo, and machinery.

A ship's cargo handling system is designed to load and unload cargo, secure cargo in place, and protect cargo from damage.

Passenger ships are specially designed to carry passengers, and may also include facilities for cargo and vehicles.