Carbohydrates, proteins, and fats are the three macronutrients that provide the body with energy and building blocks for growth and repair. Vitamins are micronutrients that are essential for various bodily functions, but they do not provide energy.

Carbohydrates are the body's preferred source of energy during high-intensity exercise because they are quickly broken down and absorbed, providing a rapid influx of energy.

Brown rice is a high-carbohydrate food because it is rich in starch, a complex carbohydrate that is slowly digested and provides sustained energy.

Proteins are essential for building and repairing muscle tissue because they are made up of amino acids, the building blocks of proteins.

Salmon is a high-protein food because it is rich in omega-3 fatty acids, which are essential fatty acids that the body cannot produce on its own.

Fats are responsible for storing energy and insulating the body because they are stored in adipose tissue, which is a type of connective tissue that is made up of fat cells.

Avocados are a high-fat food because they are rich in monounsaturated fats, which are a type of healthy fat that can help to lower cholesterol levels.

Carbohydrates, proteins, and fats are macronutrients, while vitamins and minerals are micronutrients. Micronutrients are essential for various bodily functions, but they are needed in smaller amounts than macronutrients.

Vitamin D is essential for the absorption of calcium, which is a mineral that is necessary for strong bones and teeth.

Iron is essential for the production of red blood cells, which carry oxygen throughout the body.

Water is essential for regulating body temperature, transporting nutrients and oxygen, and lubricating joints, but it does not store energy.

Headache, fatigue, and muscle cramps are all signs of dehydration, which occurs when the body does not have enough water.

The amount of water a person needs to drink per day depends on individual factors such as activity level, climate, and health conditions.

Isotonic, hypotonic, and hypertonic are all types of sports drinks that contain different concentrations of carbohydrates and electrolytes. Electrolyte-free sports drinks do not contain any electrolytes.

Isotonic sports drinks are best for endurance athletes because they contain a similar concentration of carbohydrates and electrolytes as blood, which helps to maintain fluid balance and prevent dehydration.