Climate change affects forest ecosystems in multiple ways, including increased forest fires due to hotter and drier conditions, shifts in species distribution as species adapt to changing climates, and reduced biodiversity due to habitat loss and fragmentation.

Carbon dioxide (CO₂) is the primary greenhouse gas responsible for climate change, accounting for approximately 60% of the total greenhouse gas emissions.

Forests play a crucial role in mitigating climate change by absorbing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, releasing oxygen into the atmosphere, and providing habitat for wildlife.

Deforestation refers to the loss of forest cover, primarily due to human activities such as logging, agriculture, and urbanization.

Sustainable forest management involves reducing deforestation rates, implementing reforestation and afforestation programs, and promoting sustainable forest harvesting practices.

The Paris Agreement, adopted in 2015, includes a goal to reduce deforestation and forest degradation.

Afforestation refers to the process of planting trees on land that was previously not forested.

Forest degradation can lead to reduced biodiversity, increased soil erosion, and loss of ecosystem services.

Reforestation refers to the process of planting trees on land that was previously forested but has been cleared.

Sustainable forest management faces challenges such as illegal logging, climate change, and forest fires.

Climate change leads to increased frequency and intensity of forest fires due to hotter and drier conditions.

Strategies for adapting forests to climate change include promoting tree species diversity, implementing assisted migration, and enhancing forest resilience.

Forests contribute to biodiversity conservation by providing habitat for a wide range of species, maintaining ecosystem balance, and regulating climate.

Sustainable forest management refers to the process of managing forests in a way that maintains their ecological integrity, biodiversity, and productivity.

Key components of sustainable forest management include reducing deforestation rates, implementing reforestation and afforestation programs, and promoting sustainable forest harvesting practices.