The Hubble Space Telescope, launched in 1990, has provided stunning images and data that have transformed our understanding of the universe. It has allowed astronomers to study distant galaxies, observe the formation of stars and planets, and investigate the properties of black holes.

The redshift of galaxies, observed by Edwin Hubble in the 1920s, provided evidence that the universe is expanding. The farther away a galaxy is, the greater its redshift, indicating that it is moving away from us at an accelerated rate.

The Big Bang Theory is the prevailing cosmological model for the universe's origin and evolution. It proposes that the universe began as a singularity and has been expanding and cooling ever since.

Viking 1, launched in 1975, was the first spacecraft to successfully land on Mars and return images and data from the planet's surface.

The James Webb Space Telescope, launched in 2021, is the largest and most complex space telescope ever built. It is designed to study the universe in infrared light, allowing astronomers to observe the earliest galaxies, stars, and planets.

Gravitational lensing is the bending of light around massive objects, such as galaxies and black holes. This phenomenon allows astronomers to study distant objects that would otherwise be obscured by the intervening matter.

Luna 9, launched by the Soviet Union in 1966, was the first spacecraft to successfully land on the moon and transmit images back to Earth.

The detection of gravitational waves in 2015 provided direct evidence for the existence of black holes, confirming a key prediction of Einstein's theory of general relativity.

Voyager 1, launched in 1977, is the farthest spacecraft from Earth and has explored the outer planets of our solar system, including Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune.

Dark energy is a mysterious force that is causing the universe's expansion to accelerate. Its existence is inferred from observations of distant supernovae and other cosmological data.

The Chandra X-ray Observatory, launched in 1999, is a space telescope that studies the universe in X-ray wavelengths, allowing astronomers to observe high-energy phenomena such as black holes, neutron stars, and supernova remnants.

The redshift of galaxies, observed by Edwin Hubble in the 1920s, provided evidence that the universe is filled with galaxies beyond our own, each with its own stars and planets.

The Spitzer Space Telescope, launched in 2003, is a space telescope that studies the universe in infrared wavelengths, allowing astronomers to observe cool objects such as dust clouds, planets, and brown dwarfs.

A kilonova is a short-lived, extremely luminous transient astronomical event that is powered by the radioactive decay of heavy elements produced during the collision of two neutron stars.

Curiosity, launched in 2011, is a Mars rover that has explored the surface of Mars and discovered evidence of past water activity, including ancient riverbeds and lake deposits.