Vehicle exhaust, particularly from diesel engines, is a significant contributor to air pollution in urban areas due to the release of harmful pollutants such as particulate matter, nitrogen oxides, and carbon monoxide.

Carbon dioxide (CO₂) is the primary greenhouse gas responsible for global warming. It is released into the atmosphere through human activities such as burning fossil fuels, deforestation, and industrial processes.

Particulate matter (PM), especially fine particles (PM_2.5), is a major air pollutant that can cause respiratory problems, cardiovascular issues, and other health concerns.

Air purification refers to the process of removing pollutants, contaminants, and harmful substances from the air, resulting in cleaner and healthier air quality.

Renewable energy sources like solar energy do not emit air pollutants during electricity generation, making them a sustainable alternative to fossil fuels.

Resilience refers to the ability of an ecosystem to withstand disturbances, adapt to changes, and maintain its ecological integrity.

Agricultural expansion, particularly for large-scale farming and cattle ranching, is a significant driver of deforestation, leading to the release of greenhouse gases and contributing to air pollution.

Climate action refers to the collective efforts to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, adapt to climate change impacts, and promote sustainable practices to mitigate the effects of climate change.

Nitrogen oxides (NO_x), including nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) and nitric oxide (NO), are major air pollutants released by power plants and industrial facilities during combustion processes.

Recycling involves the collection and processing of waste materials to convert them into new materials or products, reducing the need for raw material extraction and waste generation.

Organic farming practices, which emphasize natural methods and avoid synthetic fertilizers and pesticides, contribute to reducing air pollution from agricultural activities.

Energy conservation refers to the practices and measures taken to reduce energy consumption and promote efficient energy use.

Ozone (O₃) is a major air pollutant formed through chemical reactions involving nitrogen oxides and volatile organic compounds in the presence of sunlight.

Waste reduction refers to the practices and measures taken to minimize the amount of waste generated, thereby reducing the environmental impact of waste disposal.

Sulfur dioxide (SO₂) is a major air pollutant emitted by industrial processes, such as power plants and smelters, and contributes to acid rain formation.