Pseudomonas putida is a versatile bacterium known for its ability to produce bioplastics, such as polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs), from renewable carbon sources.

Enzymes play a crucial role in biotechnology by catalyzing specific biochemical reactions, enabling the efficient production and modification of materials.

Chitin is a naturally occurring biopolymer found in the exoskeletons of crustaceans, insects, and some fungi. It is a promising material for various applications due to its strength, biodegradability, and biocompatibility.

Microbial fermentation is a biotechnology technique where microorganisms are used to convert substrates into desired products through metabolic processes. This process is commonly employed for the production of bio-based materials with specific properties.

Biotechnology has enabled the development of self-healing materials, such as polyurethane, which can autonomously repair damage through the incorporation of biological components like enzymes or bacteria.

Genetic engineering is a biotechnology technique that involves the manipulation of genetic material to alter the characteristics of organisms, including microorganisms. This technique is used to enhance the production of desired materials or introduce new functionalities.

Spider silk is a remarkable bio-based material known for its exceptional strength, toughness, and biocompatibility. It is produced by spiders and has potential applications in various fields, including medicine, textiles, and engineering.

Bioprospecting involves the exploration of natural resources, such as plants, animals, and microorganisms, to identify and extract bioactive compounds with potential applications in various fields, including materials science.

Wood-plastic composite is an example of a bio-based composite material made from a combination of wood fibers and plastic polymers. It is known for its durability, resistance to moisture, and eco-friendly nature.

Lignin is a complex biopolymer found in the cell walls of plants. It provides structural support and rigidity to plant tissues and has potential applications in the production of bio-based materials, such as biocomposites and biofuels.

Enzymatic degradation is a biotechnology technique that utilizes enzymes to break down and recycle materials. Enzymes are used to catalyze specific chemical reactions, enabling the efficient degradation of various materials, including organic waste and plastics.

Chitosan coating is an example of a bio-based coating derived from chitin, a natural polymer found in the exoskeletons of crustaceans. Chitosan coatings are known for their antimicrobial, biodegradable, and non-toxic properties.

Mussel-inspired adhesive is an example of a bio-based adhesive inspired by the adhesive properties of mussels. It is a synthetic adhesive that mimics the adhesive mechanisms found in mussels, resulting in strong adhesion to various surfaces.

Glucose biosensor is an example of a bio-based sensor that utilizes biological components, such as enzymes or antibodies, to detect and measure specific substances. Glucose biosensors are commonly used for monitoring blood glucose levels in diabetic patients.

Muscle-powered actuator is an example of a bio-based actuator that utilizes biological components, such as muscles or muscle-like materials, to generate movement or force. These actuators are inspired by the natural actuation mechanisms found in living organisms.