Non-neutral plasmas are characterized by the presence of a dominant species of charged particles, typically ions or electrons, resulting in a net charge imbalance.

Ion beam plasmas are frequently employed in particle accelerators, where a beam of ions is injected into a plasma medium to achieve high-energy particle acceleration.

In non-neutral plasmas, electrostatic fields play a crucial role in confining the charged particles, as magnetic fields are ineffective due to the absence of significant magnetic moments.

Plasma oscillations, also known as Langmuir waves, are a characteristic feature of non-neutral plasmas and can give rise to instabilities if their frequency matches the plasma frequency.

Non-neutral plasmas are often used in fusion research for plasma diagnostics, allowing researchers to study plasma properties and behavior under controlled conditions.

Dusty plasmas are a type of non-neutral plasma that contains charged dust particles in addition to ions and electrons, often found in space environments and industrial applications.

Non-neutral plasmas typically have densities in the range of 10^6 - 10^8 cm^-3, which is significantly lower compared to neutral plasmas.

Laser-produced plasmas are generated by focusing high-power laser beams onto a solid or gaseous target, resulting in the production of a non-neutral plasma.

Neutralization by background gas is a major challenge in non-neutral plasma confinement, as collisions with neutral particles can neutralize the charged particles and lead to the loss of non-neutrality.

Penning trap plasmas are a type of non-neutral plasma confined in a Penning trap, which utilizes a combination of magnetic and electric fields to trap charged particles.

Plasma oscillations in non-neutral plasmas have a characteristic time scale known as the plasma period, which is determined by the plasma density and temperature.

Gas discharge plasmas are a type of non-neutral plasma commonly used in plasma displays, where a gas is ionized by an electric field to produce a luminous plasma.

Cosmic ray ionization is the primary mechanism for the formation of non-neutral plasmas in space, where high-energy cosmic rays interact with the interstellar medium, ionizing atoms and molecules.

Magnetized plasmas are a type of non-neutral plasma where a strong magnetic field is applied, significantly influencing the dynamics and behavior of the charged particles.

Non-neutral plasmas are used in particle accelerators for colliding beam experiments, where two beams of charged particles are accelerated and collided to study high-energy interactions.