Climate justice seeks to address the unequal distribution of the burdens and benefits of climate change, ensuring that vulnerable communities are not disproportionately affected by its impacts.

Climate litigation aims to hold governments and corporations legally responsible for their actions that contribute to climate change, seeking to compel them to take steps to reduce emissions and address its impacts.

In 2019, the Dutch Supreme Court ruled in Urgenda Foundation v. State of the Netherlands that the Dutch government had a legal duty to take action to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, setting a precedent for climate change litigation worldwide.

In many jurisdictions, climate litigation is based on constitutional provisions that guarantee the right to a healthy environment or the right to life, arguing that climate change poses a threat to these fundamental rights.

The European Union has been at the forefront of climate litigation, with several successful cases brought against governments and corporations, leading to stronger climate policies and regulations.

Many legal systems lack comprehensive frameworks specifically designed to address climate change, making it challenging to hold governments and corporations accountable for their actions.

International law plays a multifaceted role in climate litigation, providing a legal framework for holding states accountable, setting global standards, and facilitating international cooperation to address climate change.

The Paris Agreement, adopted in 2015, is a legally binding international treaty that sets a global framework for climate action, aiming to limit global warming and enhance adaptation to climate change impacts.

Climate litigation plays a crucial role in promoting climate justice by raising awareness, providing legal recourse, and mendorong the development of stronger climate policies and regulations.

Climate litigation faces challenges such as lack of access to justice, inadequate legal frameworks, and the influence of powerful industries that have a vested interest in maintaining the status quo.

Climate litigation can contribute to systemic change by setting legal precedents, raising public awareness, and mendorong stronger climate policies and regulations.

Climate litigation has seen notable successes, including the Dutch Supreme Court ruling in Urgenda Foundation v. State of the Netherlands, the U.S. Supreme Court ruling in Massachusetts v. Environmental Protection Agency, and the Indian Supreme Court ruling in M.C. Mehta v. Union of India.

NGOs play a crucial role in climate litigation by providing legal support, advocating for stronger climate policies, and raising public awareness about climate justice issues.

Individuals can contribute to climate litigation efforts by supporting NGOs, raising awareness, participating in protests, and taking other actions to advocate for climate justice.

Climate litigation is expected to continue to grow in importance, potentially leading to new legal principles, a shift in the global discourse on climate justice, and increased accountability for governments and corporations.