Realism emerged as a reaction against the idealized and romanticized styles of the past, seeking to depict the world as it is, with a focus on everyday life and social issues.

Realism emphasizes the accurate depiction of reality, capturing the essence of everyday life and social issues without idealization or romanticization.

Gustave Courbet is widely regarded as a pioneer of Realism, known for his groundbreaking works such as \"The Stone Breakers\" and \"A Burial at Ornans\".

Realist painters often depicted scenes from everyday life, capturing the struggles, joys, and realities of the working class and marginalized communities.

Winslow Homer is renowned for his Realist paintings depicting scenes from the American frontier, capturing the beauty and harshness of the natural world.

Naturalism is a branch of Realism that emphasizes the scientific observation and depiction of nature and human behavior, often exploring the darker aspects of life.

Émile Zola is widely regarded as a pioneer of Naturalism in literature, known for his influential works such as \"Thérèse Raquin\" and \"Nana\".

Naturalistic literature emphasizes the scientific observation and depiction of human behavior, often exploring the influence of heredity and environment on individuals.

Theodore Dreiser is renowned for his Naturalistic novels set in the urban slums, such as \"Sister Carrie\" and \"An American Tragedy\".

Realism and Naturalism marked a significant departure from traditional artistic and literary styles, challenging conventions and introducing a new focus on everyday life and social issues.

Jean-François Millet is renowned for his Realist paintings depicting rural life and landscapes, capturing the struggles and beauty of the peasant class.

Naturalistic literature often explores the theme of determinism, suggesting that human behavior is shaped by heredity and environmental factors beyond individual control.

Frank Norris is renowned for his Naturalistic novel \"McTeague\", which explores the destructive forces of greed and desire.

Realism and Naturalism had a profound and lasting impact on subsequent artistic and literary movements, influencing the development of Impressionism, Symbolism, and other modern styles.

Honoré Daumier is renowned for his Realist paintings and caricatures depicting urban life and social issues, satirizing political and social injustices.