Interviews in documentary films are conducted to gather information, insights, and perspectives from individuals who have knowledge or experience relevant to the topic of the film.

Documentary films may use on-camera interviews, where the interviewee is filmed speaking directly to the camera, voice-over interviews, where the interviewee's voice is heard over footage or images, and archival interviews, which are interviews that were previously recorded and are used in the film.

The primary role of the interviewer in a documentary film is to ask questions that will elicit information, insights, and perspectives from the interviewee that are relevant to the topic of the film.

A good interviewer in a documentary film should have knowledge of the topic, strong interviewing skills, and empathy and sensitivity towards the interviewee.

Interviews can be used in a variety of ways to create a compelling narrative in a documentary film, including introducing key characters and their stories, providing context and background information, and exploring different perspectives on a topic.

Filmmakers should obtain informed consent from interviewees, protect the privacy of interviewees, and avoid coercion or manipulation when conducting interviews for a documentary film.

Interviews can be used in a variety of ways to engage and connect with the audience in a documentary film, including making the interviewees relatable and sympathetic, creating a sense of intimacy and connection, and challenging the audience's assumptions and beliefs.

Filmmakers may face a variety of challenges when conducting interviews for a documentary film, including gaining access to interviewees, getting interviewees to open up and share their stories, and dealing with difficult or uncooperative interviewees.

Filmmakers can overcome the challenges of conducting interviews for a documentary film by building relationships with potential interviewees, preparing thoroughly for interviews, and being flexible and adaptable during interviews.

Filmmakers can use a variety of innovative and creative ways to use interviews in a documentary film, including using animation or other visual elements to enhance interviews, combining interviews with archival footage or other historical materials, and using interviews to create interactive or participatory experiences for the audience.

Filmmakers can use a variety of techniques to create a sense of authenticity and realism in a documentary film, including capturing candid and unguarded moments, using natural lighting and sound, and avoiding staged or rehearsed interviews.

Some of the most iconic and memorable interviews in documentary film history include the interviews with Holocaust survivors in Claude Lanzmann's film Shoah, the interviews with civil rights activists in Frederick Wiseman's film The Titicut Follies, and the interviews with Vietnam War veterans in Ken Burns' film The Vietnam War.

Interviews in documentary filmmaking have evolved over time to become more candid and unguarded, as filmmakers have sought to create a more authentic and realistic experience for the audience.

Some of the future trends in the use of interviews in documentary filmmaking include the use of artificial intelligence to generate interviews, the use of virtual reality to create immersive interview experiences, and the use of social media to conduct interviews with a wider range of people.