Marie Curie was the first woman to win a Nobel Prize in Physics in 1903, and the only person to win Nobel Prizes in two different scientific fields.

Emmy Noether was a German mathematician who made significant contributions to abstract algebra and number theory. She is often referred to as the 'mother of modern algebra'.

Grace Hopper was an American computer scientist and US Navy rear admiral. She was the first woman to receive a Ph.D. in computer science in 1934.

Rosalind Franklin was an English chemist and X-ray crystallographer who made significant contributions to the understanding of the molecular structures of DNA, RNA, viruses, coal, and graphite.

Caroline Herschel was a German-born British astronomer and the sister of astronomer William Herschel. She was the first woman to be awarded the Copley Medal of the Royal Society in 1828.

Rachel Carson was an American marine biologist and conservationist whose book 'Silent Spring' raised public awareness about the dangers of pesticides and inspired the modern environmental movement.

Margaret Mead was an American anthropologist and author who was the first woman to be elected president of the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) in 1975.

Jocelyn Bell Burnell is a British astrophysicist who discovered pulsars in 1967 while a postgraduate student at the University of Cambridge.

Marie Curie was the first woman to win a Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1911, and the first person to win Nobel Prizes in two different scientific fields.

Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin was a British chemist who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1964 for her work on the structure of proteins, including insulin and vitamin B12.

Gerty Cori was an American biochemist who won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1947 for her work on the metabolism of glycogen.

Martine Rothblatt is an American entrepreneur, author, and lawyer who is known for her work on artificial intelligence, biotechnology, and space exploration. She is also the founder and CEO of United Therapeutics, a biotechnology company that develops and markets treatments for rare diseases.

Maryam Mirzakhani was an Iranian mathematician who was awarded the Fields Medal in 2014 for her work on the geometry of hyperbolic surfaces.

Hilary Koprowski was a Polish-American virologist who developed the first live polio vaccine in 1950.

Frances Allen was an American computer scientist who won the Turing Award in 2006 for her pioneering work on optimizing compilers.