Cultural hegemony refers to the dominance of a particular culture or set of values within a society, which serves to maintain the status quo and perpetuate existing power structures.

Karl Marx is widely regarded as one of the most influential figures in critical theory, with his work on class struggle and economic exploitation providing a foundation for subsequent critical theorists.

Critical theory seeks to understand and critique the power structures and social inequalities that shape society, and to explore the potential for social change and transformation.

Critical theorists often employ historical and archival research methods to examine the historical roots of social problems and inequalities, and to trace the development of power structures over time.

Critical theory aims to critically examine and challenge existing power structures and social inequalities, and to promote social transformation and the creation of a more just and equitable society.

Intersectionality refers to the interconnectedness of multiple forms of oppression and discrimination, such as race, gender, class, and sexuality, and how they intersect to shape individual experiences and social inequalities.

Jürgen Habermas, Theodor Adorno, and Herbert Marcuse are all prominent figures associated with the Frankfurt School, which played a significant role in the development of critical theory.

Reification refers to the process by which social relations and human interactions are transformed into things or commodities, obscuring their social origins and the power relations embedded within them.

Patriarchy, gender performativity, and the androcentric bias of language are all key concepts in feminist critical theory, which examines the ways in which gender and power intersect to shape social relations and inequalities.

False consciousness refers to the belief that one's own interests are aligned with those of the dominant class, even when they are not, often due to the internalization of dominant ideologies and values.

Orientalism, subalternity, and hybridity are all key concepts in postcolonial critical theory, which examines the lasting effects of colonialism on societies and cultures, and the ways in which power relations and inequalities are shaped by colonial histories.

Hegemony refers to the dominance of one social class, culture, or ideology over others, often through the use of consent and persuasion rather than coercion.

Heteronormativity, performativity, and queer temporalities are all key concepts in queer critical theory, which examines the ways in which sexuality and gender are constructed and regulated, and the experiences of LGBTQ+ individuals in society.

Alienation refers to the feeling of estrangement or separation from one's own labor, from other people, from nature, and from oneself, often as a result of the conditions of capitalist production.

The social model of disability is a key concept in critical disability studies, which argues that disability is not an individual deficit but rather a social construction that is shaped by societal attitudes, policies, and practices.