Industrialization has been the primary driver of urban growth in India, as it has led to the creation of employment opportunities and attracted people from rural areas to urban centers.

Declining agricultural productivity is not a factor contributing to urban growth in India, as it has actually led to an increase in rural-to-urban migration.

Migration is the term used to describe the movement of people from one place to another, including from rural to urban areas.

Maharashtra has the highest urban population in India, with over 50% of its population living in urban areas.

As of 2021, approximately 35% of India's population lives in urban areas.

Urban areas are characterized by high population density, heterogeneous population, and specialized economic activities.

Suburbanization is the process of urban areas expanding into surrounding rural areas.

Rapid urban growth can lead to increased pollution, traffic congestion, and slums and informal settlements, but it does not necessarily lead to improved public transportation.

Urban renewal is the process of redeveloping and renovating older urban areas.

Rapid urban growth in India is associated with challenges such as housing shortage, unemployment, and pollution, but it does not necessarily lead to improved infrastructure.

De-Urbanization is the process of people moving from urban areas to rural areas.

Declining economic opportunities, improved rural infrastructure, and government policies promoting rural development can all contribute to de-urbanization.

Conurbation is the process of urban areas merging with surrounding rural areas.

Conurbations are characterized by continuous urban development, with no clear boundaries between urban and rural areas.

Annexation is the process of government authorities expanding the boundaries of a city or town.