The PERMA model, proposed by Martin Seligman, consists of five elements: Positive Emotion, Engagement, Relationships, Meaning, and Accomplishment. Achievement is not explicitly included in this model.

Negativity Bias refers to the tendency for individuals to pay more attention to and remember negative information compared to positive information.

While setting goals and striving for achievement can be motivating, research suggests that setting excessively high expectations for oneself can lead to stress, disappointment, and decreased happiness.

Illusion of Control refers to the tendency for individuals to believe they have more control over outcomes than they actually do.

Flow states are characterized by intense focus, engagement, and enjoyment, often accompanied by a sense of control and loss of self-consciousness. Boredom is not a characteristic of flow states.

Positivity Bias refers to the tendency for individuals to remember and focus on positive experiences more than negative ones.

While gratitude can be cultivated through various practices, focusing on material possessions is not an effective strategy. Gratitude is more about appreciating the positive aspects of life, relationships, and experiences.

Optimism Bias refers to the tendency for individuals to believe that they are less likely to experience negative events and more likely to experience positive events compared to others.

Diener's model of subjective well-being consists of three components: Positive Emotion, Engagement, and Life Satisfaction. Material Wealth is not explicitly included in this model.

Confirmation Bias refers to the tendency for individuals to seek out information that supports their existing beliefs and disregard information that contradicts them.

While setting goals, helping others, and engaging in physical activity can contribute to happiness, comparing yourself to others is generally not a helpful strategy. Social comparison can lead to feelings of inadequacy and decreased self-esteem.

Negativity Bias refers to the tendency for individuals to overestimate the likelihood of negative events occurring and underestimate the likelihood of positive events occurring.

Eudaimonic well-being, as defined by Ryan and Deci, consists of characteristics such as purpose in life, personal growth, autonomy, and competence. Material success is not explicitly included in this concept.

Illusion of Control refers to the tendency for individuals to believe that they have more control over outcomes than they actually do.

While practicing mindfulness, setting realistic goals, focusing on the present moment, and engaging in social activities can contribute to happiness, dwelling on past mistakes is generally not a helpful strategy. It can lead to feelings of regret, guilt, and decreased self-esteem.