New Criticism focuses on the intrinsic qualities of the text and the author's intention, rather than external factors or the reader's response.

Reader-Response Criticism emphasizes the role of the reader in creating meaning from the text, rather than relying solely on the author's intention.

Marxist Criticism analyzes literature through the lens of class struggle and economic structures, exploring how literature reflects and perpetuates social inequalities.

Deconstruction seeks to challenge and destabilize traditional interpretations of a text, revealing its inherent contradictions and ambiguities.

Historical Criticism examines literature in relation to its historical and cultural context, exploring how the work reflects and responds to the social, political, and intellectual conditions of its time.

Feminist Criticism analyzes literature through the lens of gender, examining how it reflects and perpetuates gender inequalities and stereotypes.

Structuralist Criticism examines the underlying structures, patterns, and relationships within a text, seeking to uncover the deep meanings and significance embedded in the work.

Psychoanalytic Criticism analyzes literature through the lens of psychology, exploring how it reflects and shapes unconscious desires, conflicts, and motivations.

Postcolonial Criticism analyzes literature from the perspective of colonized peoples, exploring how it reflects and responds to the experiences of colonialism and imperialism.

Poststructuralist Criticism examines the relationship between literature and language, exploring how language constructs and deconstructs meaning, and how it shapes our understanding of the world.

Ethical Criticism analyzes literature through the lens of ethics, exploring how it can raise moral questions, challenge ethical assumptions, and provide insights into human values.

Ecocriticism analyzes literature through the lens of the environment, exploring how it reflects and shapes our understanding of the natural world, and how it can contribute to environmental awareness and sustainability.

Gender Studies analyzes literature through the lens of gender, exploring how it reflects and shapes gender roles, identities, and relationships, and how it can contribute to gender equality and social justice.

Race and Ethnicity Studies analyzes literature through the lens of race and ethnicity, exploring how it reflects and shapes racial identities, experiences, and relationships, and how it can contribute to racial equality and social justice.

Disability Studies analyzes literature through the lens of disability, exploring how it reflects and shapes representations of disability and the experiences of disabled people, and how it can contribute to disability rights and social justice.