Globalization refers to the increasing interconnectedness and interdependence among countries and peoples, driven by factors such as trade, technology, and cultural exchange.

Economic globalization refers to the integration of national economies into the global economy through trade, investment, and financial flows.

Cultural diffusion refers to the spread of ideas, values, and practices from one culture to another through various mechanisms such as trade, travel, and media.

Modernization theory argues that globalization leads to the convergence of cultures and societies as countries adopt similar technologies, economic systems, and values.

Economic integration refers to the process by which countries become more economically interdependent through trade, investment, and financial flows.

Dependency theory argues that globalization benefits developed countries at the expense of developing countries, creating a system of economic dependence and exploitation.

Migration refers to the movement of people across national borders, including immigration (moving into a country) and emigration (moving out of a country).

Remittances refer to the transfer of money from migrants to their home countries, which can have significant economic and social impacts.

Political globalization refers to the process by which countries become more politically interconnected through international organizations, treaties, and agreements.

Cultural imperialism theory argues that globalization leads to the homogenization of cultures and the loss of cultural diversity due to the dominance of Western culture and values.

Social globalization refers to the process by which countries become more socially interconnected through increased communication, travel, and cultural exchange.

Technology transfer refers to the transfer of technology from developed countries to developing countries, which can contribute to economic growth and development.

Environmental globalization refers to the process by which countries become more environmentally interconnected through increased trade, travel, and the sharing of environmental information.

World-systems theory argues that globalization leads to the emergence of a global capitalist system that exploits workers in developing countries, creating a core-periphery divide.

Cultural globalization refers to the process by which countries become more culturally interconnected through increased communication, travel, and cultural exchange.