Agricultural expansion, particularly for large-scale farming and plantations, is the leading cause of deforestation worldwide.

Deforestation results in the loss of habitats and ecosystems, leading to a decline in biodiversity and species extinction.

Deforestation alters the water cycle by reducing water infiltration, increasing surface runoff, and disrupting the balance between evaporation and precipitation.

Deforestation releases large amounts of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere through the burning and decomposition of forest biomass, contributing to climate change.

Deforestation leads to soil erosion, which removes the fertile topsoil and essential nutrients, resulting in reduced soil productivity and agricultural yields.

Deforestation often disrupts the traditional way of life and livelihoods of indigenous communities who rely on forests for food, shelter, medicine, and cultural practices.

Land conversion refers to the process of changing the use of land from one purpose to another, often involving the conversion of forest land to other uses.

Land use changes, including deforestation, can lead to habitat fragmentation and loss, which negatively impacts biodiversity and ecosystem functioning.

Deforestation releases carbon dioxide into the atmosphere and reduces the capacity of forests to absorb carbon dioxide, contributing to climate change.

Mitigating the negative consequences of deforestation requires a combination of strategies, including promoting sustainable agriculture practices, implementing reforestation and afforestation programs, and reducing the demand for wood and wood products.