Textual analysis involves the close reading and interpretation of cultural texts to uncover their underlying meanings, themes, and relationships with the cultural context in which they were produced.

Semiotics explores how signs, symbols, and other cultural representations convey meaning and communicate messages within a particular cultural context.

Structuralism seeks to identify the deep structures and relationships that govern cultural practices, beliefs, and institutions, revealing the underlying patterns that shape cultural meaning.

Discourse analysis examines how language is used to construct and negotiate cultural meanings, power relations, and social identities within a particular cultural context.

Cultural materialism explores the connections between cultural phenomena and the economic, political, and social structures that shape them, emphasizing the role of material conditions in shaping cultural meanings and practices.

Marxist cultural analysis examines how culture reflects and perpetuates class relations, exploring the ways in which cultural practices and representations serve to maintain or challenge existing power structures.

Postmodernism challenges the notion of objective truth and universal values, emphasizing the fragmented, subjective, and contingent nature of cultural meanings and identities.

Cultural studies explores the connections between culture and everyday life, examining how cultural practices, beliefs, and values shape and are shaped by the experiences and interactions of individuals and communities.

Psychoanalytic cultural analysis explores the relationship between cultural practices and individual psychology, examining how cultural norms, values, and representations influence the formation of individual identities and behaviors.

Cultural anthropology examines the relationship between culture and social structures, exploring how cultural practices, beliefs, and values are shaped by and shape the social organization and interactions within a particular society.

Marxist cultural analysis emphasizes the role of power and ideology in shaping cultural practices and representations, examining how culture serves to maintain or challenge existing power structures.

Feminist cultural analysis explores the relationship between culture and gender, examining how cultural practices, beliefs, and representations construct and perpetuate gender roles, identities, and power relations.

Cultural ecology examines the relationship between culture and the environment, exploring how cultural practices, beliefs, and values shape and are shaped by the natural environment and ecological conditions.

Queer cultural analysis explores the relationship between culture and sexuality, examining how cultural practices, beliefs, and representations construct and perpetuate sexual identities, orientations, and power relations.

Cultural technology examines the relationship between culture and technology, exploring how technologies shape and are shaped by cultural practices, beliefs, and values.