Asteroseismology relies on observing variations in a star's brightness, caused by stellar oscillations, to infer information about the star's interior structure and properties.

Stellar oscillations are periodic variations in a star's density, caused by the star's internal structure and dynamics.

By studying stellar oscillations, astronomers can infer information about a star's mass, radius, age, evolutionary stage, and internal structure, including its composition and density distribution.

Main-sequence stars, which are in the main phase of their hydrogen-burning lifetime, are the most commonly studied stars using asteroseismology.

Asteroseismology is a non-invasive technique, meaning it does not require any physical interaction with the star, making it a valuable tool for studying stellar interiors without affecting the star's structure or properties.

Stellar oscillations typically occur in the microhertz to millihertz range, corresponding to periods of hours to days.

The Kepler space telescope was specifically designed for asteroseismic studies, with the primary goal of detecting and characterizing exoplanets by observing stellar brightness variations.

Asteroseismology requires precise and continuous observations of stellar brightness variations, which can be challenging to obtain, especially for faint stars or stars that are located far away.

Asteroseismology contributes to our understanding of stellar evolution by providing information about a star's age, mass, internal structure, and dynamics, as well as helping to identify stars that are likely to host planets.

In general, higher frequencies of stellar oscillations correspond to more massive stars, as the restoring force that drives the oscillations is stronger in more massive stars.

g-modes, also known as gravity modes, are sensitive to the star's core structure because they are primarily driven by buoyancy forces in the star's interior.

Asteroseismology can be used to detect exoplanets by observing the star's brightness variations caused by the exoplanet's gravitational pull, which can induce pulsations in the star.

Stellar oscillations typically have wavelengths on the order of thousands of kilometers, corresponding to the size of the star itself.

Asteroseismology allows us to measure the Sun's core temperature by studying the frequencies and amplitudes of solar oscillations, which are sensitive to the conditions in the Sun's interior.

The future of asteroseismology includes studying stars in other galaxies, applying it to the interiors of white dwarf stars, and combining it with other techniques to gain a more comprehensive understanding of stars and their evolution.