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Phagocytosis and Its Importance in Immunity

Description: This quiz is designed to assess your understanding of phagocytosis, a crucial process in the immune system. Test your knowledge on how phagocytes engulf and destroy pathogens, contributing to the body's defense mechanisms.
Number of Questions: 15
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Tags: phagocytosis immune system pathogens white blood cells cellular immunity
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What is the primary function of phagocytes in the immune system?

  1. Producing antibodies

  2. Engulfing and destroying pathogens

  3. Releasing histamine

  4. Regulating body temperature


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Phagocytes are specialized cells that engulf and destroy pathogens, such as bacteria, viruses, and cellular debris, as part of the body's immune response.

Which type of white blood cell is responsible for phagocytosis?

  1. Neutrophils

  2. Lymphocytes

  3. Eosinophils

  4. Basophils


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Neutrophils are the most abundant type of phagocytes in the blood and are the primary cells responsible for phagocytosis during the early stages of an immune response.

What is the process by which phagocytes engulf and internalize foreign particles called?

  1. Chemotaxis

  2. Opsonization

  3. Phagocytosis

  4. Cytokinesis


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Phagocytosis is the process by which phagocytes extend their pseudopodia and engulf foreign particles, forming a phagosome.

What is the role of opsonins in phagocytosis?

  1. Activating complement proteins

  2. Binding to pathogens and enhancing phagocytosis

  3. Producing antibodies

  4. Releasing histamine


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Opsonins are proteins that coat pathogens, making them more recognizable and easier for phagocytes to engulf.

Which of the following is NOT a type of phagocyte?

  1. Neutrophils

  2. Macrophages

  3. Dendritic cells

  4. Erythrocytes


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Erythrocytes, also known as red blood cells, are not phagocytes. Phagocytes are specialized white blood cells that engulf and destroy pathogens.

What happens to the engulfed material after phagocytosis?

  1. It is digested and broken down

  2. It is released back into the bloodstream

  3. It is stored in the phagocyte

  4. It is expelled from the body


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

After phagocytosis, the engulfed material is enclosed in a phagosome, which fuses with a lysosome to form a phagolysosome. Inside the phagolysosome, the material is digested and broken down by enzymes.

Which of the following is a type of intracellular killing mechanism used by phagocytes?

  1. Antibody-mediated cytotoxicity

  2. Complement-mediated cytotoxicity

  3. Phagocytosis

  4. Oxidative burst


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Oxidative burst is an intracellular killing mechanism used by phagocytes to destroy engulfed pathogens. It involves the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and other antimicrobial substances that kill the pathogens.

What is the role of macrophages in phagocytosis?

  1. They are the primary phagocytes in the blood

  2. They are tissue-resident phagocytes

  3. They produce antibodies

  4. They release histamine


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Macrophages are tissue-resident phagocytes that are found in various tissues and organs throughout the body. They play a crucial role in phagocytosing pathogens, cellular debris, and foreign particles.

Which of the following is NOT a function of phagocytes?

  1. Engulfing and destroying pathogens

  2. Producing antibodies

  3. Presenting antigens to immune cells

  4. Releasing cytokines


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Phagocytes do not produce antibodies. Antibody production is a function of B cells and plasma cells.

What is the role of dendritic cells in phagocytosis?

  1. They are the primary phagocytes in the blood

  2. They are tissue-resident phagocytes

  3. They present antigens to immune cells

  4. They release histamine


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Dendritic cells are specialized phagocytes that are particularly adept at capturing and presenting antigens to immune cells, such as T cells. This process is crucial for initiating an adaptive immune response.

Which of the following is a type of phagocytic cell found in the liver?

  1. Neutrophils

  2. Macrophages

  3. Kupffer cells

  4. Eosinophils


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Kupffer cells are specialized macrophages found in the liver. They play a crucial role in phagocytosing pathogens, cellular debris, and foreign particles in the liver.

What is the role of cytokines in phagocytosis?

  1. They activate complement proteins

  2. They bind to pathogens and enhance phagocytosis

  3. They produce antibodies

  4. They regulate the activity of phagocytes


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Cytokines are small proteins that regulate the activity of phagocytes. They can stimulate phagocytosis, enhance the killing ability of phagocytes, and promote the recruitment of other immune cells to the site of infection.

Which of the following is a type of phagocytic cell found in the brain?

  1. Neutrophils

  2. Macrophages

  3. Microglia

  4. Eosinophils


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Microglia are specialized macrophages found in the brain and spinal cord. They play a crucial role in phagocytosing pathogens, cellular debris, and foreign particles in the central nervous system.

What is the role of neutrophils in phagocytosis?

  1. They are the primary phagocytes in the blood

  2. They are tissue-resident phagocytes

  3. They produce antibodies

  4. They release histamine


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Neutrophils are the most abundant type of phagocytes in the blood and are the primary cells responsible for phagocytosis during the early stages of an immune response.

Which of the following is a type of phagocytic cell found in the lungs?

  1. Neutrophils

  2. Macrophages

  3. Alveolar macrophages

  4. Eosinophils


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Alveolar macrophages are specialized macrophages found in the lungs. They play a crucial role in phagocytosing pathogens, cellular debris, and foreign particles in the lungs.

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