Language policy and planning aims to manage and regulate the use of languages in various domains, such as education, government, media, and business, to achieve specific societal goals.

Language policy and planning is shaped by a combination of historical and cultural factors, economic and political considerations, and technological advancements.

Language selection refers to the process of choosing a specific language to be the official language or the language of wider communication in a particular context.

Language standardization aims to establish a uniform and consistent version of a language, often through the development of standard orthography, grammar, and pronunciation.

Language revitalization involves efforts to revive and restore endangered or moribund languages, thereby promoting linguistic diversity.

Language shift refers to the process by which a community or group of speakers gradually adopts a new language as their primary means of communication, often at the expense of their original language.

Language policy and planning can be motivated by various factors, including promoting national unity, facilitating economic development, enhancing social cohesion, and addressing issues of linguistic discrimination and inequality.

Language planning refers to the systematic and deliberate process of developing and implementing strategies to manage and regulate language use in a particular context, often with the aim of achieving specific societal goals.

Language policy and planning often faces challenges in balancing linguistic diversity and national unity, addressing issues of linguistic inequality, promoting language revitalization, and dealing with the complexities of language contact and language change.

Language promotion involves the development and implementation of strategies to encourage the use of a particular language in a specific domain, often with the aim of increasing its visibility, status, and usage.

Language policy and planning often employs various methods to promote linguistic diversity, including multilingual education, language rights legislation, language revitalization programs, and the recognition and support of minority languages.

Language equity planning involves the development and implementation of strategies to address issues of linguistic inequality and discrimination, often with the aim of promoting equal access to education, employment, and other opportunities for speakers of different languages.

Language policy and planning in multilingual societies must consider various factors, including the rights of linguistic minorities, the economic benefits of multilingualism, the role of language in national identity, and the challenges of managing linguistic diversity.

Language diplomacy involves the development and implementation of strategies to promote the use of a particular language in international communication and diplomacy, often with the aim of enhancing understanding and cooperation among nations.

Language policy and planning in developing countries often faces challenges such as limited resources for language education, lack of trained language professionals, complex linguistic landscapes, and the need to balance linguistic diversity with national unity.