Social constructivism emphasizes that engineering practices and outcomes are shaped by social factors such as values, norms, and power relations.

Technological determinism argues that technological change is the primary driver of social change, and that social and cultural factors are secondary.

Actor-network theory focuses on the interactions between humans and technology, and how these interactions shape social and technical systems.

Marxist theory analyzes the relationship between technology and capitalism, and how technology is used to maintain and reproduce capitalist social relations.

Social constructivism emphasizes the importance of social context in shaping engineering practices and outcomes, and how engineers are influenced by their social and cultural backgrounds.

Technological neutrality argues that technology is a neutral tool that can be used for good or for evil, and that the social and ethical implications of technology are determined by the way it is used.

Critical theory emphasizes the importance of understanding the social and cultural context of engineering practices and outcomes, and how these practices and outcomes are shaped by power relations and social inequalities.

Engineering ethics focuses on the role of engineers in society, and how engineers can use their knowledge and skills to address social and environmental problems.

Environmental sociology emphasizes the importance of understanding the relationship between technology and the environment, and how technology can be used to promote sustainability and address environmental challenges.

Identity theory focuses on the role of technology in shaping the social and cultural identities of engineers, and how engineering practices and outcomes can contribute to the formation of engineering identities.

Globalization theory emphasizes the importance of understanding the relationship between technology and globalization, and how technology can be used to promote economic development and address global challenges.

Value theory focuses on the role of technology in shaping the social and cultural values of engineers, and how engineering practices and outcomes can contribute to the formation of engineering values.

Political theory emphasizes the importance of understanding the relationship between technology and politics, and how technology can be used to promote democracy and address political challenges.

Norm theory focuses on the role of technology in shaping the social and cultural norms of engineers, and how engineering practices and outcomes can contribute to the formation of engineering norms.

Religious theory emphasizes the importance of understanding the relationship between technology and religion, and how technology can be used to promote religious values and address religious challenges.