New Zealand was the first self-governing country in the world to grant women the right to vote in 1893.

The gender gap refers to the disparity between the representation of women and men in political institutions and decision-making positions.

The Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW) is an international treaty adopted in 1979 that sets out a comprehensive framework for eliminating discrimination against women.

Domesticity refers to the ideology that women's primary role is in the home, responsible for domestic duties and childrearing, while men are responsible for public affairs and paid work.

Gender parity refers to the equal representation of women and men in political institutions and decision-making positions, aiming to achieve a balanced and inclusive political system.

Gender constructionism is the theory that gender roles and identities are not fixed or natural, but rather are socially constructed through cultural norms, expectations, and practices.

The United Nations Entity for Gender Equality and the Empowerment of Women (UN Women) is a global organization dedicated to promoting gender equality and women's empowerment, working to eliminate discrimination against women and girls.

Gender invisibility refers to the tendency to overlook or ignore the experiences, needs, and perspectives of women in political decision-making, leading to policies and outcomes that may not adequately address gender-related issues.

Patriarchy refers to a social system in which men hold primary power and privilege, dominating political, economic, and social institutions, while women are systematically marginalized and discriminated against.

Gender equality refers to the state in which women and men have equal rights, opportunities, and outcomes in all aspects of life, including political, economic, social, and cultural spheres.

The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) include a specific goal dedicated to achieving gender equality and empowering all women and girls, recognizing the importance of gender equality for sustainable development.

Gender-responsive governance refers to the approach of integrating gender perspectives and addressing gender inequalities in all aspects of governance, including policymaking, budgeting, and service delivery.

Gender democracy refers to a political system that actively promotes gender equality and women's empowerment, ensuring equal representation of women and men in decision-making positions and addressing gender-based discrimination and inequality.

Gender transformation refers to the process of changing traditional gender roles, norms, and stereotypes, and promoting more equitable and inclusive gender relations, including in the political sphere.

The Istanbul Convention, also known as the Council of Europe Convention on Preventing and Combating Violence against Women and Domestic Violence, is a comprehensive international agreement that aims to prevent and combat violence against women and girls, including domestic violence, sexual violence, and other forms of gender-based violence.