Molecular Plant Biology

Description: Molecular Plant Biology Quiz
Number of Questions: 15
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Tags: molecular biology plant biology genetics biochemistry
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Which of the following is responsible for photosynthesis in plants?

  1. Chloroplasts

  2. Mitochondria

  3. Vacuoles

  4. Nucleus


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Chloroplasts are organelles found in plant cells that contain chlorophyll, a green pigment that absorbs light energy from the sun. This light energy is used to convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose, a sugar molecule that plants use for energy.

What is the primary function of the Golgi apparatus in plant cells?

  1. Protein synthesis

  2. Photosynthesis

  3. Cell division

  4. Packaging and secretion of molecules


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

The Golgi apparatus is responsible for packaging and secreting molecules, such as proteins and lipids, from the cell. It modifies and sorts these molecules before they are transported to their final destination.

Which of the following is a plant hormone that promotes cell division and growth?

  1. Auxin

  2. Cytokinin

  3. Gibberellin

  4. Abscisic acid


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Cytokinin is a plant hormone that promotes cell division and growth. It is involved in various physiological processes, including shoot and root development, leaf expansion, and fruit set.

What is the function of the Calvin cycle in photosynthesis?

  1. Light-dependent reactions

  2. Carbon fixation

  3. Electron transport chain

  4. Photophosphorylation


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

The Calvin cycle is the light-independent reactions of photosynthesis. It is responsible for fixing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere into organic molecules, such as glucose, using the energy from ATP and NADPH generated during the light-dependent reactions.

Which of the following is a type of RNA molecule that plays a role in gene regulation?

  1. Messenger RNA (mRNA)

  2. Transfer RNA (tRNA)

  3. Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)

  4. MicroRNA (miRNA)


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small RNA molecules that play a role in gene regulation by binding to messenger RNA (mRNA) and preventing its translation into protein.

What is the process by which plants lose water vapor through their leaves?

  1. Transpiration

  2. Guttation

  3. Wilting

  4. Plasmolysis


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Transpiration is the process by which plants lose water vapor through their leaves. It is driven by the evaporation of water from the surface of the leaves and is essential for the transport of water and nutrients from the roots to the leaves.

Which of the following is a type of plant tissue that provides structural support?

  1. Xylem

  2. Phloem

  3. Parenchyma

  4. Collenchyma


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Collenchyma is a type of plant tissue that provides structural support. It is composed of cells with thickened cell walls that are rich in cellulose and pectin, which gives them their strength and flexibility.

What is the function of the stomata on plant leaves?

  1. Gas exchange

  2. Water absorption

  3. Nutrient transport

  4. Photosynthesis


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Stomata are small pores on plant leaves that allow for gas exchange. They allow carbon dioxide to enter the leaf for photosynthesis and water vapor to escape from the leaf.

Which of the following is a type of plant hormone that promotes seed germination and root growth?

  1. Auxin

  2. Cytokinin

  3. Gibberellin

  4. Abscisic acid


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Gibberellin is a plant hormone that promotes seed germination and root growth. It also plays a role in stem elongation and fruit development.

What is the process by which plants respond to changes in their environment?

  1. Tropism

  2. Nastic movement

  3. Phototropism

  4. Geotropism


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Tropism is the process by which plants respond to changes in their environment. It is a directional response, meaning that the plant grows or moves in a specific direction in response to the stimulus.

Which of the following is a type of plant hormone that inhibits growth and promotes seed dormancy?

  1. Auxin

  2. Cytokinin

  3. Gibberellin

  4. Abscisic acid


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Abscisic acid is a plant hormone that inhibits growth and promotes seed dormancy. It also plays a role in water stress responses and stomatal closure.

What is the process by which plants convert light energy into chemical energy?

  1. Photosynthesis

  2. Cellular respiration

  3. Fermentation

  4. Glycolysis


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Photosynthesis is the process by which plants convert light energy into chemical energy. It occurs in the chloroplasts of plant cells and uses carbon dioxide and water to produce glucose, a sugar molecule that plants use for energy.

Which of the following is a type of plant tissue that transports water and nutrients from the roots to the leaves?

  1. Xylem

  2. Phloem

  3. Parenchyma

  4. Collenchyma


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Xylem is a type of plant tissue that transports water and nutrients from the roots to the leaves. It is composed of vessels, which are hollow tubes that allow for the efficient transport of water and minerals.

What is the process by which plants produce new cells?

  1. Cell division

  2. Cell growth

  3. Cell differentiation

  4. Cell senescence


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Cell division is the process by which plants produce new cells. It occurs when a cell divides into two or more daughter cells. Cell division is essential for growth, development, and repair.

Which of the following is a type of plant hormone that promotes flowering and fruit development?

  1. Auxin

  2. Cytokinin

  3. Gibberellin

  4. Abscisic acid


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Gibberellin is a plant hormone that promotes flowering and fruit development. It also plays a role in stem elongation and seed germination.

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