C. V. Raman is widely regarded as the father of Indian Physics for his groundbreaking work on the scattering of light, which earned him the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1930.

The Raman effect, discovered by C. V. Raman, is the inelastic scattering of light by molecules, resulting in a change in the frequency of the scattered light. This phenomenon is the basis of Raman Spectroscopy, a powerful technique used to study the vibrational, rotational, and electronic states of molecules.

S. N. Bose is credited with proposing the Bose-Einstein statistics, which describes the behavior of particles with integer spin (known as bosons) and led to the development of Bose-Einstein condensation theory.

In a Bose-Einstein condensate, the bosons lose their individual identities and behave as a single coherent entity, exhibiting superfluidity, a state where the condensate flows without any resistance.

M. N. Saha developed the Saha equation, which describes the ionization and excitation of atoms and ions in stellar atmospheres. This equation is crucial for understanding the composition and behavior of stars.

The Saha equation is primarily used to study the ionization and excitation of atoms and ions in stellar atmospheres, providing insights into the nuclear reactions occurring within stars.

Homi J. Bhabha made significant contributions to particle physics, particularly in the areas of cosmic rays, nuclear interactions, and the development of quantum electrodynamics.

Homi J. Bhabha's studies of cosmic rays led to the discovery of the positron, the antiparticle of the electron, in 1936.

Raja Ramanna conducted pioneering research on neutrinos, contributing to the understanding of their properties and interactions.

The neutrino is a subatomic particle with no electric charge, a very small mass, and interacts very weakly with matter, making it difficult to detect.

ISRO has played a vital role in developing satellite technology, rocket propulsion systems, and conducting space exploration missions, showcasing India's capabilities in the field of space science.

Chandrayaan-1 was India's first lunar mission, successfully discovering water on the Moon and sending a rover to explore its surface, marking a major milestone in India's space exploration endeavors.

Mangalyaan was India's first mission to Mars, successfully reaching the Red Planet's orbit and studying its atmosphere and surface features.

The IRS satellites are a series of Earth observation satellites developed by ISRO, providing valuable data for various applications such as agriculture, forestry, water resources management, and disaster monitoring.

The GPS system utilizes a constellation of satellites to provide accurate location and time information to receivers on Earth, enabling a wide range of applications in navigation, surveying, and other fields.