Environmental restoration aims to address the negative impacts of human activities on the environment by removing or reducing pollutants, restoring the natural balance of ecosystems, and preventing future contamination.

Bioremediation is an in-situ remediation technology that utilizes microorganisms to degrade or transform contaminants into less harmful substances.

Phytoremediation is a process that uses plants to absorb and accumulate contaminants from soil, water, or air.

Pump-and-treat is a common method for treating contaminated groundwater, which involves pumping the contaminated water to the surface, treating it, and then reinjecting it back into the aquifer.

Microorganisms play a crucial role in bioremediation by degrading or transforming contaminants into less harmful substances through various metabolic processes.

Excavation is an ex-situ remediation technology that involves removing contaminated soil or groundwater and treating it off-site.

Soil vapor extraction is a remediation technology designed to remove volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from soil by applying a vacuum to the soil, causing the VOCs to vaporize and be extracted.

Excavation is a common method for treating contaminated soil, which involves removing the contaminated soil and disposing of it off-site.

Plants play a multifaceted role in phytoremediation by absorbing and accumulating contaminants, releasing oxygen into the environment, and controlling erosion.

Activated carbon adsorption, catalytic oxidation, and biofiltration are all common methods for treating contaminated air.

Constructed wetlands are designed to treat wastewater, provide habitat for wildlife, and control erosion.

Dredging, capping, and bioremediation are all common methods for treating contaminated sediments.

Activated carbon is widely used in air pollution control systems to absorb pollutants from the air.

Activated sludge process, trickling filter process, and membrane bioreactor process are all common methods for treating contaminated surface water.

Biofilters are designed to remove pollutants from the air by utilizing microorganisms that degrade or transform the pollutants into less harmful substances.