Gerrymandering is the process of redrawing electoral district boundaries to favor one political party over another. This can be done by packing voters of one party into a few districts, or by cracking them across multiple districts.

Ranked-choice voting is a type of voting system in which voters rank candidates in order of preference. The candidate with the most first-place votes wins. Ranked-choice voting is not a type of electoral system.

The electorate is the number of people who are eligible to vote in an election. This includes all citizens of a country who are of voting age and have not been disenfranchised.

Voter turnout is the percentage of eligible voters who actually cast a ballot in an election. This is a measure of how engaged citizens are in the political process.

A long ballot is a ballot that contains a large number of candidates and/or issues. This can make it difficult for voters to make informed decisions, and can lead to lower voter turnout.

Pork barrel politics is the practice of using public resources for partisan political purposes. This can include earmarking funds for projects in a politician's district, or hiring political supporters for government jobs.

Gerrycracking is a type of gerrymandering that involves drawing district boundaries in a way that creates oddly shaped districts. This can be done to favor one political party over another.

Racial gerrymandering is the practice of drawing electoral district boundaries to reflect the distribution of racial or ethnic groups. This can be done to create districts that are majority-minority, or to pack minority voters into a few districts.

Proportional representation is a type of electoral system in which the number of seats that a party wins in an election is proportional to the number of votes that it receives. Proportional representation is not used in the United States.

Clientelism is the practice of using political power to benefit oneself or one's supporters. This can include providing jobs, contracts, or other favors to supporters in exchange for their political support.

First-past-the-post is a type of electoral system in which the candidate with the most votes wins. First-past-the-post is not used in many other countries.

Gerrymandering is the practice of drawing electoral district boundaries to favor one political party over another. This can be done by packing voters of one party into a few districts, or by cracking them across multiple districts.

Ranked-choice voting is a type of voting system in which voters rank candidates in order of preference. The candidate with the most first-place votes wins. Ranked-choice voting is not a type of electoral system.

The electorate is the number of people who are eligible to vote in an election. This includes all citizens of a country who are of voting age and have not been disenfranchised.

Voter turnout is the percentage of eligible voters who actually cast a ballot in an election. This is a measure of how engaged citizens are in the political process.