The Upanishads teach that the ultimate goal of human life is to achieve moksha or liberation from the cycle of birth and death. This can be achieved through self-realization and the realization of the unity of the individual soul with the universal soul.

Karma is the law of cause and effect. It states that every action, whether good or bad, has a corresponding reaction. This reaction can be experienced in this life or in future lives.

The concept of karma limits free will by determining the consequences of one's actions. This means that individuals cannot always choose the outcomes of their actions, as they are bound by the law of cause and effect.

The Nyaya school of Indian philosophy is known for its emphasis on the concept of free will or svatantrya. This school argues that individuals have the ability to choose their own actions and are responsible for the consequences of their choices.

The Nyaya school argues that free will is necessary for moral responsibility. This is because individuals cannot be held morally responsible for their actions if they do not have the ability to choose their own actions.

The Mimamsa school of Indian philosophy is known for its emphasis on the concept of dharma or righteousness. This school argues that the primary goal of human life is to fulfill one's dharma, which is determined by one's social status, occupation, and stage of life.

The Mimamsa school argues that dharma limits free will by dictating one's actions. This is because individuals are expected to fulfill their dharma, which is determined by their social status, occupation, and stage of life.

The Advaita Vedanta school of Indian philosophy is known for its emphasis on the concept of Brahman or the ultimate reality. This school argues that Brahman is the only true reality and that the individual soul is identical with Brahman.

The Advaita Vedanta school argues that Brahman negates free will by asserting the unity of all beings. This is because, if all beings are one, then there is no separate individual self that can exercise free will.

The Dvaita Vedanta school of Indian philosophy is known for its emphasis on the concept of dvaita or duality. This school argues that there is a fundamental distinction between Brahman and the individual soul.

The Dvaita Vedanta school argues that dvaita affirms free will by asserting the independence of the individual soul. This is because, if the individual soul is distinct from Brahman, then it has the ability to choose its own actions.

The Vishishtadvaita school of Indian philosophy is known for its emphasis on the concept of Brahman as the inner controller. This school argues that Brahman is the inner controller of the individual soul and that it guides the soul's actions.

The Vishishtadvaita school argues that Brahman negates free will by determining the soul's actions. This is because Brahman is the inner controller of the soul and it guides the soul's actions.

The Bhakti school of Indian philosophy is known for its emphasis on the concept of bhakti or devotion. This school argues that the primary goal of human life is to develop devotion to God.

The Bhakti school argues that bhakti negates free will by surrendering to God's will. This is because, when individuals develop devotion to God, they surrender their own will to God's will.