London was the first city to reach a population of over 1 million people in the 18th century.

Urbanization refers to the movement of people from rural areas to urban areas.

New York City is commonly known as the 'Big Apple'.

Global City Theory proposes that a few cities have become dominant in the global economy and exert significant influence over other cities.

Tokyo is the most populous megacity in the world, with a population of over 37 million people.

Gentrification refers to the process of renovating and upgrading a declining urban area, often leading to displacement of low-income residents.

Los Angeles is commonly known as the 'City of Angels'.

Sprawl refers to the uncontrolled expansion of urban areas into surrounding rural areas.

London is often regarded as the financial center of the world due to its role in global finance and banking.

Counterurbanization refers to the process of moving from an urban area to a rural area.

Hong Kong is commonly known as the 'Pearl of the Orient'.

Spatial Inequality refers to the concentration of poverty and social problems in certain urban areas.

Paris is often regarded as the fashion capital of the world due to its influence on global fashion trends.

Urbanization refers to the process of moving from a rural area to an urban area.

Chicago is commonly known as the 'Windy City'.