Materialism asserts that matter is the fundamental substance of reality and that all phenomena, including consciousness, can be explained in terms of physical processes.

The Copenhagen Interpretation states that the wave function of a particle represents the probability distribution of finding the particle at a particular location in space.

Atomism is the philosophical view that the universe is composed of fundamental, indivisible units called atoms.

Skepticism is the philosophical stance that questions the possibility of certain knowledge, arguing that our senses and reason are unreliable sources of information about the world.

A priori knowledge is knowledge that is known to be true independently of any sensory experience or empirical evidence.

Determinism is the philosophical view that every event in the universe is causally determined by prior events and conditions, leaving no room for chance or free will.

The theory of relativity posits that space and time are not absolute but are relative to the observer and are interconnected in a four-dimensional spacetime continuum.

Field Theory is a physical theory that describes physical interactions in terms of fields, which are continuous regions of space where a physical quantity, such as electric or magnetic field, has a value at every point.

Idealism is the philosophical view that reality is fundamentally mental or spiritual in nature, and that the physical world is either a product of consciousness or an illusion.

Quantum Theory is a physical theory that describes the behavior of matter and energy at the atomic and subatomic level, where classical physics breaks down.

The Many-Worlds Interpretation posits that when a quantum measurement is made, the wave function of the particle splits into multiple branches, each representing a different possible outcome, and all of these branches coexist in parallel universes.

String Theory is a theoretical framework in physics that proposes that the fundamental constituents of the universe are not point-like particles but tiny, vibrating strings.

Dualism is the philosophical view that reality is fundamentally composed of two distinct substances: mind and matter.

Monism is the philosophical view that reality is fundamentally composed of a single, unified substance or principle.

The Copenhagen Interpretation states that the wave function of a particle collapses when the particle interacts with a measuring apparatus, which is typically operated by an observer.