Food preservation methods aim to prevent spoilage caused by microorganisms, enzymes, and chemical reactions, thereby extending the shelf life of food.

Pasteurization is a method of food preservation that involves heating food to a high temperature (typically between 60°C and 100°C) for a short period of time (usually a few seconds) to kill harmful microorganisms while preserving the food's nutritional value and flavor.

Drying is a method of food preservation that involves removing moisture from food to inhibit microbial growth. This can be done through various techniques such as sun-drying, oven-drying, or freeze-drying.

Pickling is a method of food preservation that involves submerging food in a vinegar solution, often with the addition of salt and spices. The acidic environment created by the vinegar inhibits microbial growth and extends the shelf life of the food.

Salting is a method of food preservation that involves adding salt to food to inhibit microbial growth. Salt draws moisture out of food, creating an environment that is less favorable for microbial growth.

Smoking is a method of food preservation that involves exposing food to smoke from burning wood or other materials. The smoke contains compounds that inhibit microbial growth and impart a distinct flavor to the food.

Fermentation is a method of food preservation that involves fermenting food with beneficial bacteria or yeast. The fermentation process produces lactic acid, acetic acid, or alcohol, which inhibits microbial growth and extends the shelf life of the food.

Freezing is a method of food preservation that involves storing food at very low temperatures (typically below -18°C) to inhibit microbial growth. Freezing slows down the activity of microorganisms and enzymes, thereby extending the shelf life of the food.

Vacuum sealing is a method of food preservation that involves sealing food in airtight containers to prevent spoilage. The removal of oxygen from the container inhibits the growth of aerobic microorganisms and extends the shelf life of the food.

Preserving is a method of food preservation that involves adding sugar to food to inhibit microbial growth. Sugar draws moisture out of food, creating an environment that is less favorable for microbial growth.

Chemical preservation is a method of food preservation that involves adding chemicals to food to prevent spoilage. These chemicals can include antioxidants, antimicrobial agents, and preservatives.

Carbohydrates are the body's primary source of energy. They are broken down into glucose, which is used by cells for energy production.

Proteins are essential for building and repairing tissues, producing enzymes and hormones, and transporting nutrients and oxygen throughout the body.

Minerals, particularly iron, are essential for transporting oxygen and nutrients to cells through the bloodstream.

Vitamins are essential for regulating various body processes, including metabolism, immune function, and vision.