Advaita Vedanta posits that the ultimate reality, Brahman, is non-dual and indivisible, and that the individual self, or Atman, is identical to Brahman.

Nyaya philosophers emphasize the importance of logical reasoning and inference as the primary means of acquiring valid knowledge.

Buddhist philosophy emphasizes the concept of Anatta, or the non-self, which asserts that there is no permanent, unchanging self or soul.

Chanakya, also known as Kautilya, is credited with the famous quote 'Satyameva Jayate', which means 'Truth alone triumphs'.

Mīmāṃsā philosophers consider the Vedas, the ancient Hindu scriptures, as the primary and infallible source of knowledge.

Nirvikalpa Samadhi is a state of pure consciousness, free from all mental modifications and duality, as described in various Indian philosophical traditions.

Adi Shankara, a prominent philosopher of the Advaita Vedanta school, is known for his theory of Maya, which posits that the world we perceive is an illusion.

Atman is the term used in Indian philosophy to refer to the individual self, the essential and unchanging essence of a person.

The Vaisheshika school of Indian philosophy posits six categories of reality: substance, quality, action, generality, particularity, and inherence.

Ramanuja, a prominent philosopher of the Vishishtadvaita school, is known for his theory of Bhedabheda, which posits that Brahman and the individual self are both different and non-different.

Samsara is the term used in Indian philosophy to refer to the cycle of birth, death, and rebirth, driven by the accumulation of karma.

The Yoga school of Indian philosophy outlines eight limbs of yoga: Yama, Niyama, Asana, Pranayama, Pratyahara, Dharana, Dhyana, and Samadhi.

Madhvacharya, a prominent philosopher of the Dvaita school, is known for his theory of dualism, which posits that Brahman and the individual self are eternally distinct.

Moksha is the term used in Indian philosophy to refer to the ultimate goal of human life, which is liberation from the cycle of birth, death, and rebirth.

Chaitanya Mahaprabhu, a prominent philosopher of the Gaudiya Vaishnavism school, is known for his theory of Acintya Bhedabheda, which posits that Brahman and the individual self are both different and non-different in an inconceivable way.