Cubism, pioneered by Pablo Picasso and Georges Braque, challenged conventional modes of representation by breaking down objects into geometric shapes and presenting them from multiple viewpoints, creating a sense of fragmentation and abstraction.

Expressionism, exemplified by artists like Vincent van Gogh and Edvard Munch, prioritized the conveyance of emotional intensity and psychological states, employing vibrant colors, distorted forms, and exaggerated brushstrokes.

The Renaissance, marked by the works of Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo, and Raphael, aimed to recapture the grandeur and harmony of classical antiquity, emphasizing rationalism, human-centeredness, and a return to classical forms and techniques.

Surrealism, led by artists like Salvador Dalí and René Magritte, sought to explore the subconscious mind, dreams, and the irrational, often juxtaposing disparate images and symbols to create unsettling and thought-provoking compositions.

Baroque, exemplified by artists like Caravaggio and Bernini, aimed to evoke strong emotions and awe through its use of exaggerated forms, dramatic lighting, and elaborate ornamentation, often in religious or allegorical contexts.

Dadaism, pioneered by artists like Marcel Duchamp and Hannah Höch, challenged conventional notions of art and aesthetics by embracing absurdity, irrationality, and the rejection of traditional artistic norms, often incorporating found objects and unconventional materials.

Realism, exemplified by artists like Gustave Courbet and Jean-François Millet, sought to depict the world as it is, without idealization or romanticization, often focusing on the lives and struggles of ordinary people.

Constructivism, pioneered by artists like Vladimir Tatlin and Alexander Rodchenko, sought to create art that was both aesthetically pleasing and functional, often incorporating industrial materials and geometric forms to explore the relationship between art and technology.

Fauvism, led by artists like Henri Matisse and André Derain, rejected traditional notions of representation and color theory, emphasizing the use of pure, unmixed colors and expressive brushwork to convey emotions and sensations.

Dadaism, exemplified by artists like Marcel Duchamp and Hannah Höch, rejected traditional artistic norms and conventions, often incorporating everyday objects and materials into their artworks to challenge the boundaries between art and life.

Symbolism, led by artists like Gustave Moreau and Odilon Redon, sought to transcend the physical world and explore the realm of the spiritual and the subconscious, using symbols and allegorical imagery to convey deeper meanings and emotions.

Surrealism, exemplified by artists like Salvador Dalí and René Magritte, sought to tap into the subconscious mind and explore the irrational and dreamlike aspects of human experience, often using automatic drawing and other techniques to bypass conscious control.

Impressionism, led by artists like Claude Monet and Pierre-Auguste Renoir, sought to capture the momentary and fleeting impressions of a scene, emphasizing the effects of light and atmosphere and the use of loose brushwork and vibrant colors.

Abstract Expressionism, exemplified by artists like Jackson Pollock and Mark Rothko, rejected traditional notions of representation and sought to express inner emotions and experiences through the use of abstract forms, colors, and brushstrokes.

Expressionism, led by artists like Vincent van Gogh and Edvard Munch, sought to convey the artist's inner emotions and experiences through the use of exaggerated colors, distorted forms, and intense brushwork.