Solar radiation provides the energy required for photosynthesis, the process by which plants convert light energy into chemical energy.

Transpiration is the process by which plants release water vapor into the atmosphere through their leaves.

Wind speed is the primary factor influencing the rate of evapotranspiration, as it enhances the removal of water vapor from the crop canopy.

The hardening period is the stage during which a crop is most vulnerable to frost damage due to its tender tissues.

Strong winds can cause lodging, or the bending and flattening of cereal crops, leading to reduced yield and increased susceptibility to diseases.

Photoperiodism is the process by which plants respond to changes in day length, influencing their growth, development, and flowering.

Wind shear, or the difference in wind speed and direction between different levels of the atmosphere, is a key factor in the formation of hailstorms.

Radiation is the process by which plants lose heat directly to the surrounding environment through infrared radiation.

Inadequate rainfall is the primary cause of drought stress in crops, leading to reduced water availability and impaired growth.

Absorption is the process by which plants take up water from the soil through their roots.

High humidity levels near the ground are a key factor in the formation of fog.

Photosynthesis is the process by which plants use sunlight to convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen.

High temperatures can cause heat stress in crops, leading to reduced growth and yield.

During photosynthesis, plants release oxygen as a byproduct of the process.

Wind shear, or the difference in wind speed and direction between different levels of the atmosphere, is a key factor in the formation of thunderstorms.