Sulfur dioxide (SO2) is a major contributor to acid rain, which occurs when sulfur oxides and nitrogen oxides react with water vapor in the atmosphere.

Air pollution, particularly ozone and sulfur dioxide, can damage plant tissues, leading to stunted growth, reduced leaf area, and decreased crop yield.

Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) react with nitrogen oxides in the presence of sunlight to form ground-level ozone, a harmful air pollutant.

Air pollution can lead to soil acidification, nutrient leaching, and the accumulation of toxic substances, which can harm soil microorganisms and reduce soil fertility.

Smog is a type of air pollution characterized by high levels of ozone and other pollutants, primarily formed by the reaction of nitrogen oxides and volatile organic compounds in the presence of sunlight.

Air pollution can reduce the protein and carbohydrate content of crops, as well as alter their vitamin and mineral composition.

Particulate matter, especially fine and ultrafine particles, can penetrate deep into the lungs and cause respiratory issues, particularly among agricultural workers exposed to crop dust and other airborne pollutants.

Air pollution can contribute to habitat fragmentation and isolation, disrupting ecological interactions and reducing biodiversity in agricultural landscapes.

Carbon dioxide (CO2) is the primary greenhouse gas responsible for trapping heat in the atmosphere, leading to global warming and climate change.

Air pollution can lead to the accumulation of contaminants and toxins in agricultural products, such as heavy metals, pesticides, and other pollutants, posing potential health risks to consumers.

Sulfur dioxide (SO2) is a major precursor to acid fog, which forms when sulfur oxides react with water vapor in the atmosphere.

Air pollution can contribute to the deposition of pollutants and contaminants into water bodies, affecting water quality and potentially harming aquatic ecosystems.

Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) react with nitrogen oxides in the presence of sunlight to form photochemical smog, a type of air pollution characterized by high levels of ozone and other pollutants.

Air pollution can lead to crop losses, reduced yields, and increased production costs, impacting the economic viability and stability of agricultural operations.

Particulate matter, especially black carbon, can absorb and trap heat, contributing to the formation of urban heat islands, where temperatures are significantly higher than surrounding rural areas.