The Atharvaveda, one of the four Vedas, contains references to the idea that life exists on other planets and that these planets may be inhabited by beings similar to humans.

Ancient Indian texts suggest that life on other planets could be similar to life on Earth in some aspects, such as the presence of water and vegetation, but also different in other aspects, such as the forms and abilities of living beings.

Gandharvas are celestial beings mentioned in ancient Indian texts who are associated with music and the arts. They are sometimes described as inhabiting other planets or realms beyond Earth.

Brahmagupta, a renowned Indian mathematician and astronomer, suggested the concept of multiple universes or 'infinite worlds' in his work, the Brāhmasphuṭasiddhānta.

The Vishnu Purana, a Hindu religious text, contains passages that speculate on the existence of life on other planets and the possibility of interplanetary travel.

The Mahabharata, an epic Sanskrit poem, contains references to 'vimanas,' which are described as flying machines capable of traversing great distances, including to other planets.

Svarga, also known as Indra's Heaven, is the celestial abode of the gods in ancient Indian mythology. It is sometimes described as being located beyond the Earth and accessible through interplanetary travel.

The Atharvaveda mentions the concept of 'lokas,' which are different realms of existence, including the Earth and other celestial realms. These realms are believed to be inhabited by various beings, including gods, demons, and other extraterrestrial entities.

Varāhamihira, a renowned Indian astronomer and astrologer, proposed the idea of a geocentric universe, where the Earth is the center of the cosmos and other celestial bodies revolve around it.

The Atharvaveda contains references to the concept of 'Brahmanda,' which is described as a cosmic egg from which the universe originated. This concept is similar to the idea of a 'Big Bang' in modern cosmology.

Aryabhata, a renowned Indian astronomer and mathematician, proposed the idea of a heliocentric universe, where the Sun is the center of the cosmos and the Earth and other planets revolve around it.

The Atharvaveda mentions the concept of 'kalpas,' which are vast cosmic cycles that involve the creation, destruction, and renewal of the universe. These cycles are believed to be governed by divine forces.

Brahmagupta, a renowned Indian astronomer and mathematician, proposed the idea of the precession of the equinoxes, which is the gradual shift in the position of the equinoxes over time.

The Atharvaveda contains references to the concept of 'maya,' which is the idea that the world we perceive is an illusion or a veil that obscures the true nature of reality. This concept is related to the idea of multiple universes and the possibility of different realms of existence.

Aryabhata, a renowned Indian astronomer and mathematician, proposed the idea that the Earth rotates on its axis, which is known as the 'axial rotation' of the Earth.