Agricultural expansion, particularly for large-scale farming and cattle ranching, is the leading cause of deforestation globally.

The Amazon rainforest, located in South America, has suffered the most significant deforestation, primarily due to the expansion of cattle ranching and soybean farming.

Deforestation contributes to climate change by releasing carbon dioxide into the atmosphere when trees are burned or decompose, reducing the Earth's albedo by converting forests into darker surfaces, and disrupting the water cycle by reducing evapotranspiration.

Deforestation leads to habitat fragmentation, which isolates populations of species and increases their vulnerability to extinction. It also contributes to species extinction directly by destroying their habitats and reducing their food sources. Ultimately, deforestation can lead to ecological collapse, where entire ecosystems are disrupted or destroyed.

Deforestation increases soil erosion by removing the protective layer of vegetation that holds the soil in place. This makes the soil more susceptible to being washed away by wind and water, leading to soil degradation and loss of fertile topsoil.

Deforestation leads to increased sediment runoff, as the soil is no longer held in place by vegetation. This sediment can pollute water sources, causing turbidity, clogging waterways, and harming aquatic life.

Deforestation in urban areas can lead to increased flooding due to reduced water absorption, reduced air quality due to the loss of trees that absorb pollutants, and the loss of green spaces, which provide recreational and aesthetic benefits.

Reforestation refers to the process of planting trees in areas that have been deforested, with the aim of restoring the forest ecosystem and its ecological functions.

The Paris Agreement, adopted in 2015, includes a goal to reduce deforestation and promote sustainable forest management as part of efforts to mitigate climate change and conserve biodiversity.

Sustainable consumption, responsible sourcing, and eco-labeling are all practices that aim to reduce the demand for products that contribute to deforestation by encouraging consumers to make informed choices and businesses to adopt more sustainable practices.

Restoration refers to the process of converting degraded or abandoned land into productive ecosystems, with the aim of restoring their ecological functions and biodiversity.

Urbanization is the primary cause of land use changes in coastal areas, as cities and towns expand to accommodate growing populations and economic activities.

Land use change in coastal areas can lead to increased pollution from sewage and industrial waste, habitat loss and fragmentation due to development and infrastructure, and overfishing due to increased demand for seafood.

Deforestation, land clearing, and conversion are all terms used to describe the process of converting natural ecosystems, such as forests, grasslands, or wetlands, into agricultural land.

Land use change can lead to habitat loss and fragmentation, which reduces the size and connectivity of natural habitats, making them less suitable for wildlife. It can also lead to reduced genetic diversity as populations become isolated and less able to exchange genes. Additionally, land use change can facilitate the spread of invasive species, which can outcompete native species and disrupt ecosystems.