Euclid's Elements is a mathematical treatise consisting of 13 books, written by the Greek mathematician Euclid in Alexandria, Ptolemaic Egypt, c. 300 BC.

René Descartes is known as the father of modern mathematics for his contributions to analytic geometry and the development of Cartesian coordinates.

The Annals of Mathematics is considered to be the most prestigious mathematical journal due to its long history, high standards, and the quality of the articles published.

Euler's Number, also known as the base of the natural logarithm, is approximately equal to 2.71828.

Bernhard Riemann is known for his work on the Riemann Hypothesis, which is one of the most famous unsolved problems in mathematics.

A hypersphere is a four-dimensional analogue of a sphere.

Albert Einstein is known for his work on the theory of relativity, which revolutionized our understanding of space, time, and gravity.

Goldbach's Conjecture states that any sufficiently large integer can be expressed as the sum of three primes.

Pierre de Fermat is known for his work on the theory of numbers, including Fermat's Last Theorem.

A plane is a two-dimensional analogue of a sphere.

Edward Lorenz is known for his work on the theory of chaos, including the discovery of the Lorenz attractor.

The Weierstrass Approximation Theorem states that any continuous function on a closed interval can be approximated by a polynomial function.

Pierre-Simon Laplace is known for his work on the theory of probability, including the Laplace transform and the central limit theorem.

A ball is a three-dimensional analogue of a sphere.

Peter Guthrie Tait is known for his work on the theory of knots, including the Tait conjecture.